Finals Exam Flashcards
(85 cards)
fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen’s entitlement
due process laws
a court’s decision on a legal question that guides future cases with a similar question
precedent
a court that reviews decisions made in lower district courts
appeal courts
A list of rights that police in the US must read to suspects in custody before questioning them
Miranda Rights
A constitutional law stating that evidence collected by violation of the defendant’s constitutional rights is inadmissible for criminal prosecution in court
Exclusionary Rule
Background: Student’s were not allowed to publish a newspaper with material the principal deemed inappropriate. Precedent: School’s may restrict publication if the paper has been established as public forums
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
Background: a boy was suspended and not allowed to give a speech at the school for making a speech with language that the school considered inappropriate Precedent: It is not a violation of a student’s 1st Amendment right when school officials discipline students for making a lewd and vulgar speech at a school assembly
Bethel v. Fraser
Background: a minor was searched because of suspicions she had cigarettes. Officials found marijuana- she was charged with possession of marijuana. Precedent: A student’s 4th Amendment right is not violated when school officials search without a warrant if there is reasonable suspicion
NJ v. TLO
Background: Students were suspended for wearing black armbands at school as a silent protest against the Vietnam War. Precedent: School officials cannot censor student speech unless it specifically disrupts the school environment
Tinker v. Des Moines
Background: Police searched a woman’s house without a warrant and found illegal documents. Precedent: All evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures does not count in court
Mapp v Ohio
clause in the 1st Amendment that states the government may not establish an official region
Establishment Clause
Current number of Supreme Court Justices (allowed)
9
“Separate but Equal” doctrine Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v. Ferguson
1954 case that overturned Separate but Equal standard of discrimination in education
Brown v. Board of Education
Background: a boy was sentenced to death for a murder he committed at age 17. Precedent: Those sentenced to death that are minors are a violation of the 8th Amendment
Roper v. Simmons
a 15-year-old at that time, was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death. Precedent: The sentencing of a defendant younger than 16 is a violation of the 8th Amendment - Freedom from cruel and unusual punishments, and excessive fines and bail
Thompson v. Oklahoma
If you are born or naturalized in the U.S. then you are a citizen of the U.S
Parts of 14th Amendment
You cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, creed
15th Amendment
The right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of sex
19th Amendment
Abolition of poll taxes
24th Amendment
Citizens who are 18 or older, shall not be denied the right to vote
26th Amendment
Method used to deny African Americans to vote by testing a person’s ability to read and write-very unfairly
Literacy Tests
A set of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking to include a particular group based on their gender, race, sexuality, in which they are underrepresented
Affirmative Action
University’s admissions criteria, which used race as a definite and exclusive basis for an admission decision violated the Equal Protection Clause
Bakke v. University
