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Finals Period Flashcards

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1
Q

Constant Blind Spot & Intermittent Blind Spot

A

Retinal detachment & vascular spasm

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2
Q

double vision

A

Diplopia

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3
Q

overflow of tears in lacrimal glands

A

Epiphora

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4
Q

damage to optic nerve due to increase intra optic pressure

A

glaucoma

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5
Q

tonometry

A

measure intra optic pressure, screens for glaucoma

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6
Q

increased opacity due to aging and UV rays

A

cataract

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7
Q

droopy eyelid

A

ptosis

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8
Q

entopion

A

inverted lower eye lid

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9
Q

everted lower eye lid

A

ectropion

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10
Q

strabismus (tropia)

A

constant mal alignment of eye axis

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11
Q

pseudostrabismus

A

appearing in inner canthus, normal in young children

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12
Q

Protruding eyeball and retracted eyelid

A

exophthalmos

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13
Q

general inflammation of conjunctiva

A

conjunctivitis

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14
Q

eye hair follicle infection

A

hordeolum (stye)

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15
Q

think, white, gray ring around part of cornea caused by hypercholesterolemia

A

arcus Senilis

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16
Q

unequal pupil size

A

Anisocoria

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17
Q

grayish white due to old injury or inflammation

A

corneal scar

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18
Q

pinpoint pupils, constricted and fixed

A

Miosis

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19
Q

dilated and fixed pupils

A

Mydriasis

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20
Q

used to examine internal eye structures

A

fundoscopy

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21
Q

distance of distant visual acuity tests

A

20 feet or 6m

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22
Q

near visual acuity test

A

Jaeger Test

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23
Q

examples of distant visual acuity tests

A

snellen chart, picture chart, e chart, Landolt chart

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24
Q

blindness in all vision field of one eye

A

unilateral blindess

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25
vision loss in one quadrant of eye
quadrantanopia
26
vision loss in one side of each eye
hemianopia
27
near sightedness
myopia
28
myopia is corrected by
concave lens
29
when focal plane is in front of retina
myopia
30
farsightedness
hyperopia
31
hyperopia is corrected by
convex lens
32
cause by loss of elasticity of lens
presbyopia
33
considered legally blind
20/200
34
blurred vision due to distorted focal place
astigmatism
35
ocular deviation
phoria
36
test for phoria
cover test
37
medial ocular deviation
esotropia
38
lateral ocular deviation
exotropia
39
upper ocular deviation
hypertropia
40
lower ocular deviation
hypotropia
41
drainage of liquid from ear
Otorrhea
42
ear pain
otalgia
43
hearing sound from inside ear or body
tinnitus
44
moving or spinning sensation
vertigo
45
gradual inability to hear initially high pitched sounds, common with aging
presbycusis
46
absence or closure of external ear
aural atresia
47
inflammation of external ear canal
otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
48
overgrowth of temporal bone
exostosis (surfer's ear)
49
gout deposits
tophi
50
intact, white clear, pearly gray, slight concave movable
tympanic membrane
51
buildup of earwax
impacted cerumen
52
inflammation of middle ear
otitis media
53
gross hearing acuity test
whisper test
54
bilateral hearing test
weber test
55
if sound is heard at the bad ear during weber test is is positive for __
conductive hearing loss
56
If sound is heard at the good ear on weber test, it is positive for __
sensory / perceptive hearing loss
57
conductive hearing test
Rinne test
58
positive for rinne test if __ and indicates __
heard longer by air conduction, sensory/perceptive hearing loss
59
negative for rinne if __ and indicates __
heard longer by bone conduction, conductive hearing loss
60
romberg's test -- what for and how is it done
test for balance, ask to stand and close eyes for 20 seconds, notice for deviations, sways, falls, widening of base
61
test where you ask the patient to stand on one foot and hop to stand on the other foot
tandem test for balance
62
test also used for sobriety test
tandem gait test
63
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
64
long term CNS disorder. loss of dopamine in midbrain
Parkinson's disease
65
neuro muscular disease causing skeletal muscle weakness
myasthenia gravis
66
autoimmune disease that attacks myelin of PNS
Guillain-Barre syndrome
67
autoimmune that attacks the myelin of CNS
multiple sclerosis
68
sudden sensation resembling electric shock down the spine and extremities
Lhermitte sign
69
repetitive, unwanted, and uncontrollable movement or sounds
tourette's syndrome
70
progressive disorder resulting in death of brain cells
huntington's chorea
71
movement, muscle, posture. disorder caused by damage to immature developing brain before birth
cerebral palsy
72
amnestic disorder caused by thiamine (vit B) deficiencies associated with prolonged alcohol ingestion
Korsakoff's syndrome
73
inflammation of brain, bulging or fontanelle cause by virus
encephalitis
74
blood flow to brain stopped by blockage or ruptured vessel
cerebrovascular accident
75
stroke assessment
``` BEFAST balance eyes blurred face drooping arm or leg weakness speech difficulty time ```
76
used to assess highest level of cerebral integration performed at beginning of head to toe assessment
mental status exam and LOC
77
components of MSE
``` LOC posture, gait, movement dressing ,grooming, hygiene facial expression and speech mood behavior thought process perceptions ```
78
5 areas of cognitive function tested by MMSE
``` orientation registration attention and calculation recall language ```
79
MMSE scoring
normal: > or = 24 severe: < or = 9 moderate: 10-18 mild: 19-24
80
test to determine muscle strength of extremities especially post stroke
lovett scale
81
lovett scale scoring
+5 contracts vs full resistance +4 reduced strength but can move against some resistance +3 can only move against gravity, no resistance +2 can move when gravity is removed (passive) +1 only trace or flicker of movement seen or felt 0 no movement
82
tests for coordination/ cerebellum
finger to nose heel to shin rapid alternating finger and hand movement
83
impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movement
Dysdiadokinesia
84
levels of consciousness
alert-- able to answer lethargy-- open eyes, answers, back to sleep obtunded-- opens eyes to loud noise, responds with confusion, unaware of envirionment stupor-- awakens to pain, returns to unresponsive sleep coma-- unresponsive to all stimuli
85
used to assess impairment of LOC esp for patients with acute brain injury
glasgow coma scale
86
pain stimulation tests
fingertip pressure trapezius pinch supraorbital notch
87
tests for sensations
light touch with soft, blunt, sharp object | temperature using test tube
88
areas tested in deep tendon reflex test
``` achilles patellar bicep brachioradialis tricep ```
89
superficial reflexes
ankle clonus | babinski
90
tests for meningitis
kernig's sign--- leg extension with flexed hip | brudzinki's sign-- hip and knee flexion in response to neck flexion
91
triad of symptoms
nuchal rigidity sudden high fever altered mental status
92
cranial nerves 1-12
``` OOO To Touch And Feel A Good Velvet Ah Heaven C1: olfactory C2: optic C3: Oculomotor C4: Trochlear C5: Trigeminal C6: Abducens C7: Facial C8: Vestibulocochlear C9: Glossopharyngeal C10: Vagus C11: Accessory C12: Hypoglossal ```
93
Blind Test is used for what cranial nerve and how is it performed
C1: olfactory , have patient close eyes and smell a substance
94
Snellen Test is used for what cranial nerve, how is it performed
C2: Optic, stand 20ft or 6m away and read the chart
95
Test for C12
Hypoglossal, Tongue Movement test-- deviation follows side of lesion
96
Tests for C8
``` C8 Vestibulocochlear Gross Hearing Acuity: Whisper Test Bilateral Hearing: Weber Test Conductive Hearing: Rinne Test Romberg's Test for Proprioception ```
97
Test for C3, C4, C6
``` Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens Positions Test Pupillary Light Reflex Swinging Light Test Accommodation Convergence Reflex ```
98
Test for C9 and C10
Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Uvula Inspection Gag Reflex Taste Test (Posterior 1/3 of tongue)
99
Test for C7
Facial Facial Movement Taste Test (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
100
Test for C5
``` Trigeminal Facial Sensation Clenching Teeth Masseter Reflex (Jaw Jerk) Corneal Reflex (Hirschberg Test) ```
101
Test for C2
``` Optic Visual Acuity Gross Peripheral Vision Test Ishihara Color Test Ophthalmoscope Inspection ```
102
Rapid neurological assessment
``` BEFAST LOC Pupillary Reflex Movement and Strength Sensation Vital Signs ```
103
Parts of Heart Wall
Epicardium-- outside connective tissue Myocardium-- middle cardiac muscle Endocardium-- inner epithelium
104
heart coverings
Pericardium-- visceral and parietal
105
heart sounds S1-S4
S1 closure of AV valves S2 closure of SL valves S3 heard after S2 suspect CHF S4 heard before S1 suspect non compliant ventricles
106
degree of myocardial fiber stretch at end of diastolic and before contraction
preload
107
amount of blood ejected per minute
cardiac output
108
neck vessels
jugular veins and carotid arteries
109
resistance that ventricles must overcome to eject blood though semilunar valves
afterload
110
amount of blood ejected per contraction
stroke volume
111
pressure that heart must overcome to open aortic valve
impedance
112
Modifiable risk factors for neck and heart
smoking physical activity obesity psychological factors
113
skin color resulting from anemia
pallor
114
lresults from increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin
cyanosis
115
condition in nails that results from chronic oxygen deprivation in tissue beds
clubbing
116
pressure within thoracic vena cava just before right atrium
central venous pressure
117
exaggerated decreased in systolic by more than 10mmHg during inspirations
paradoxical blood pressure
118
location of tricuspid valve
4th or 5th intercostal space low left sternal border
119
location of aortic valve
2nd right interspace at right sternal border
120
location of mitral valve
5th interspace around midclavicular line
121
location of pulmonic valve
2nd left interspace at left sternal border
122
location of erb's point
3rd to 5th intercostal aspect at left sternal border
123
when beats at the apex are not the same as peripheral pulse
pulse deficit
124
normal and abnormal reading for jugular venous pressure estimate
normal: 2cm or less above sternal angle abnormal: >3cm at 45 degrees
125
anterior chest that overlies the heart and greater vessels
precordium
126
sustained forceful thrusting of ventricle during systole
heave/lift
127
palpable vibration which signifies turbulent blood flow
thrill
128
normal size of apical impulses
1-2 cm
129
turbulence of blood flow in jugular venous system common in children
venous hum
130
displays cold, pale, clammy, shiny skin
arterial insufficiency
131
pain or cramping in the legs
intermittent claudication
132
displays warmth, with brown pigmentation around ankles
venous insufficiency
133
redness thickening, pain, and tenderness along veins
thrombophlebitis
134
layers of epidermis (deep to superficial)
``` Stratum Basale--- rapidly dividing, contain melanocytes Stratum Spinosum-- weblike, immune Stratum Granulosum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Corneum ```
135
dense fibrous later of dermis
reticular
136
layer of dermis containing collagen and elastic fibers
papillary
137
outer layer of skin containing keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis
138
layer of skin that anchors the skin to other structures
subcutaneous/hypodermis
139
vascularized, strong, flexible connective tissue layer of skin where hair follicles begin
dermis
140
velvet darkening in folds and creases of skin
acanthosis nigricans
141
pigmentation due to distraction of melanocytes; autoimmune disease that attacks melanocytes
vitiligo
142
ABCDE to assess for skin cancer
``` asymmetry border color diameter elevation ```
143
lesions that develop over time and progression from trauma, manipulation, complications
secondary morphology
144
pus filled lesions
pustule
145
raised lesions >10mm
plaque
146
flat lesions < 10mm
macule
147
immovable encapsulated lesions are considered __
suspicious
148
lesions present at onset, not altered by trauma or manipulations
primary morphology
149
liquid filled lesions >10mm
bulla
150
loss of superficial epidermis, not extending to dermis
erosion
151
stage of pressure ulcer with partial thickness loss of dermis, shallow open ulcer with pink, intact blister
Stage 2
152
linear cracks in skin which may extend to dermis
fissures
153
stage of pressure ulcer that has intact skin with non blanchable redness
stage 1
154
localized collection of blood; associated with trauma
hematoma
155
non palpable >10mm, non blanchable vascular skin lesion
Ecchymosis
156
skin bleeding, numerous large vessels that form directly underneath the skin
vascular skin lesions
157
nail findings in patients with aids and respiratory syndrome
yellow nail syndrome
158
parallel, lengthwise ridges common with aging
longitudinal ridging
159
spoon shaped nails seen in severe iron deficiencies, anemia, endocrine and cardiac disease
Koilonychia
160
infection of skin around the nails
paronychia
161
how to test skin mobility and turgor
pinch skin over clavicle. should be mobile with elastic and immediate recoil
162
when to perform risk assessment tools
admission, reassessment, significant change in condition
163
subscales of braden scale
``` sensory moisture activity mobility nutrition friction ```
164
braden scale scoring
``` <9 : very high 10-12 : high 13-14 : moderate 15-18 : mild 19-23 : low risk ```
165
comprehensive pressure ulcer risk assessment
``` HALT history assess comorbidities,, meidcaiton look at skin touch skin ```
166
quadrant location of pancreas, spleen and stomach
left lower quadrant
167
quadrant location of gallbladder and liver
right upper quadrant
168
quadrant location of appendix
right lower quadrant
169
body systems in abdominal area
gastrointestinal reproductive lymphatic
170
type of palpation used for liver
hooking palpation
171
special tests for appendicitis
psoas sign-- flexed hip elicits pain rovsing sign-- deep palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ rebound test-- deep palpation and sudden release direct tenderness obturator sign-- int and ext hip rotation hypersensitivity-- muscle guarding
172
special tests for ascites
test for shifting dullness-- supine to side lying | fluid wave test-- striking the flanks with one hand in the middle of abdomen
173
accumulation of fluid in peritoneum
ascites
174
inflammation of gallbladder
cholecystitis
175
test for cholecystitis
RUQ pain or tenderness | Murphy's sign-- bimanual palpation of liver elicits pain mid inspiratory
176
female external genitalia structures
``` labia minora and majora clitoris urethra vagina anus ```
177
female internal genitalia structures
``` fallopian tube uterus ovaries cervix vagina hymen ```
178
menarche
beginning of menstruation, earlier in developing countries
179
inflammation of urethra
urethritis
180
"crabs" lice at the base of pubic hair
pediculosis pubis
181
silvery white papules that become superficial red ulcers
syphilitic chancre
182
gray stool
lack of bile pigment
183
yellow stool
steatorrhea, excessive fat content
184
occurs after menopause due to low estrogen. pale, dry vaginal mucosa
atrophic vaginitis
185
tight foreskin that cant be retracted
phimosis
186
yellow discharge and painful urination caused by neisseria __
gonorrhea
187
displacement of urinary meatus to dorsal surface of penis
epispadias
188
enlarges scrotal sac resulting from bowel
hernia
189
enlarged scrotal sac resulting from accumulation of blood
hematocele
190
displacement of urinary meatus to ventral surface of penis
hypospadias
191
inflammation of testes associated with mumps
orchitis
192
caused by vasospasms of fingers and toes
raynaud's disease
193
pigmented lesions in new borns
mongolian spot
194
bright red spot made of blood vessels
cherry angioma
195
brown, black, light tan, waxy and scaly lesions, common with aging
seborrheic keratosis
196
hypertrophic scar overgrowth
keloid
197
cancer found on top most layer of epidermis
squamous cell carcinoma
198
most serious type of skin cancer developing in cell that produce melanin
melanoma
199
stage of pressure ulcer with full thickness tissue loss, exposed bone or muscle
stage 4
200
stage of pressure ulcer with full thickness tissue loss where slough or necrotic tissue covers the wound
unstageable
201
stage of pressure ulcer with full thickness tissue loss with visible subcutaneous fat,
Stage 3
202
injury to underlying tissue below skin surface resulting from prolonged pressure in area
deep tissue injury
203
configuration of lesions (6)
``` annular (round) linear (line) nummular (coin) clustered (grouped together) discrete (individual, distinct) confluent (small together) ```
204
lovibond angle
normal: 160 clubbing: > 180
205
test for clubbing
schamroth's window test
206
excessive hair growth in women in a male like pattern due to increase in androgen
hirsutism
207
aphasia
patchy hair loss
208
caused by hereditary disease and malnutrtition
patchy gray hair "poliosis"
209
solid viscera (7)
liver, spleen, pancreas, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus
210
hollow viscera (6)
Gi tract, stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, bladder, colon
211
occult blood (denatured, dark brown) is called__ and indicates __
melena, upper gastric bleed
212
fresh blood in stool is called __ and indicates __
hematochezia, bleeding in lower GI or closer to orifice
213
percussion tone generally heard in abdomen
tympanitic
214
liver span at midclavicular __ | liver span at midsternal __
8-12 cm | 4-8 cm
215
percussion used on kidney
Costo vertebral Angle Tenderness Test (Kidney Punch)
216
occurs with ruptured appendix causing muscle guarding on light palpation
peritonitis
217
test for large intestine from rectum to sigmoid colon
sigmoidoscopy
218
bacteria that causes syphilitic chancre
treponema pallidum
219
painless, moist, fleshy lesions
genital warts
220
common STI, small painful ulcers with erythematous base
genital herpes simplex
221
overgrowth of yeast
candidal vaginitis
222
red, swollen labia. red rough vaginal walls covered with small spots. yellow green frothy, foul smelling discharge
trichomonas vaginitis
223
normal vaginal wall with gray white fishy smelling discharge
bacterial vaginosis
224
dilation of vein in spermatic cord
varicocele
225
painful cluster of pimple like clear vesicles that erupt and become ulcers
herpes progenitalis
226
lobe of brain responsible for interpreting impulses from ear
Temporal lobe
227
lobe of brain responisble for voluntary skeletal muscle movement, communication, emotion, intellect, behaviour
frontal lobe
228
lobe of the brain that responsible for reading and understanding; primary visual receptor
occipital
229
area of the brain responsible for speech
Broca's area
230
lobe of the brain responsible for interpreting tactile sensation such as pain, touch, temperature, shape
parietal
231
area of the brain that interprets auditory stimuli
Wernicke's area
232
part f brain that sends sensory impulses up and motor impulses down
spinal cord
233
part of brain responisible for eye and ear reflexes
midbrain
234
part of brain responsible for coordination and smooth voluntary movement
cerebellum
235
part of brain containing cranial nerves
medulla oblongata

Health Assessment (1 decks)

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