finals ppp Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
Method of organizing, summarizing. and presenting data in the form which will make them easier to analyze and interpret.
A
2
Q
In this branch of statistics, the goal is to describe the data.
A
Descriptive Statistics
3
Q
Data organized into groups like categories or classification
A
Grouped Data
4
Q
A set or array of things or observation that has not undergone any classification.
A
Ungrouped Data
5
Q
This correlation includes and regression analysis
A
Inferential Statistics
6
Q
Mean
A
x)-
7
Q
Median
A
(x( ~
8
Q
Mode
A
(x)
9
Q
To find the mean of the ungrouped data, use the formula
A
10
Q
mean
A
11
Q
summation of all data
A
12
Q
number of cases/data
A
13
Q
Types of Mode
A
No mode - no mode
- Unimodal - 1 mode
- Bimodal- 2 modes
- Trimodal - 3 modes
- Multimodal 4 or more modes
14
Q
Mean formula
A
15
Q
Where f
A
frenquency
16
Q
= midpoint of the class interval
= total number of
observations
A
x .n
17
Q
The formula for finding the median of grouped data:
A
18
Q
LBMd
A
Lower class Boundary and containing the median class
19
Q
<cf
A
less than cummulative preceding the median class
20
Q
fMd
A
frequency of the class interval and containg the median class
21
Q
i
A
class interval
22
Q
Total number of frequencies
A
n
23
Q
Mode formula
A
24
Q
Mo
A
Mode
25
f mo =
Frequency of the modal class
26
LB mo =
Lower class boundary containing the modal class
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f_{1} =
Frequency of the class boundary before the modal class
28
f2
Frequency of the class boundary after the modal class
29
Class size
i
30
The interval between the highest and the lowest score. The range is a measure of variability or scatteredness of the observations among themselves and does not give an idea about the spread of the observations around some central value
range
31
The average of the absolute deviation of the individual score from the mean of the entire set of data.
Mean Absolute Deviation
32
The square distance from the mean
Variance
33
The positive square root of the variance.
Standard. Variance
34
The formula for finding the range is
Lv-Hv
35
is a way to explain data variability. It lets one get a sense of how "spread around" the values in a data collection. The larger the MAD, the greater the variability of the data.
Median Absolute Deviation
36
Mean Absolute Deviation formula
37
Measures the average
py. degree to which each point deffers from the mean
Variance
38
Helps us understand how spread out the data set
Std. Dev
39
High SD numbers are far from the mean
Heterogenous
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Low SD - data are close to the average
Homogenous
41
UBHC
Upper boundary limit of the highest- class interval
42
LBLC
Lower boundary limit of the lowest class interval
43
• Compute Simple interest;
• Determine the Future Value or Maturity Value
• Solve for the term of the loan given the wanted interest amount, rate and principal amount;
• Find the interest rate needed for the desired amount of principal, interest and term of loan.
Simple Interest
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the capital or sum of money borrowed or invested.
Principal
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the payment for the use of borrowed money or the amount earned on money invested.
Interest
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This is the fractional part of the principal that is paid on the loan or investment, which is usually expressed as percent.
Rate of interest
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The number of years for which the money is borrowed or invested.
Time or Term
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The sum composed of the principal and the interest accumulated over a certain period of time.
Future Value or Maturity Value
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only common for extremely short-term loans. For longer term loans, it is common for interest to be paid on a daily, monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. In that case, interest would be earned regularly
One-time simple interest
50
are essentially a loan made to the bond issuer (a company or government) by you, the bond holder. In return for the loan, the issuer agrees to pay interest, often annually. Bonds have a maturity date, at which time the issuer pays back the original bond value.
bonds
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Very few banks today pay interest based on the simple interest formula. Instead, they pay interest by using a principle called
compounding
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The difference between simple and compound interest is this: Simple interest grows slowly, compounding speeds up the process.
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is when your principle and any earned interest both earn interest
Compound Interest
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is interest on the principle amount.
Simple Interest
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n = 1
annual
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n = 2
semi annual
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n = 4
quarterly
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n = 12
monthly
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n = 52
weekly
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n = 365
daily
61
usually identified as the single most important skill to be possessed by a college graduate, irrespective of one's major.
,Critical reasoning ability
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is a declarative sentence that has truth value.
Statement or proposition
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that, when we hear or read the sentence, it makes sense to ask whether the sentence is true or false.
truth value
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Let p be any statement.
The negation of p, denoted
~p
is another statement that is logically opposite to p.
This means that -p will always be opposite in truth value to p.
negotations
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is a device that allows us to analyze and compare compound logic statements.
truth table
66
Let p, q be any statements. Their conjunction is the compound statement having the form
"p and q." This is denoted p q
In order for a conjunction to be true, both terms
must be true
conjunctions
67
Let p, q be any statements. Their disjunction is the compound statement having the form
"p or q." This is denoted p V q
In order for a disjunction to be true, at least one of the two terms must be true.
A disjunction is false only in the case where both terms
are false.
disjunction
68
Let P and Q be statements. The statements " if P then Q" is called an implication or condition.
The implication "if P then Q" is written Pa Q
P is called the hypothesis, Q is called the conclusion
Truth Table of Implication
implication
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Let P and Q be statements. The statement "P if and only if Q" is called the bi-implication or biconditional of P and Q
The biconditional "P if and only if Q" is written PQ
"P if and only if Q"
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is a proposition that is true under all circumstances.
tautology
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is a proposition that is always false
contradiction
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it is proposition form that is neither tautology nor contradiction.
Contingency
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is a sentence that combines multiple simple propositions using cormectives like "and", "or", "if and only if", or "although". Compound propositions are also luowen as molecular propositions.
Compound Proposition
74
senterice is a statement that provides information or expresses a fact. it is the most common type of senterice used to convey a point, and it always ends with a period ("."). Declarative sentences can either be true or false depending on the information they convey.
Declarative Sentence
