Finals Vocab Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Romans
A
citizen of roman empire
2
Q
Athens
A
city-state in ancient Greece
3
Q
Sparta
A
city-state in ancient Greece
4
Q
Minoans
A
early Greek civiization
5
Q
Etruscans
A
ancient citizens of Italy between Tiber and Arno river
6
Q
Germanic Tribes
A
Part of the fall of Rome/ attacked and invaded Rome
7
Q
Huns
A
member of nomads/ invaded Europe
8
Q
Constaine
A
emperor- reverted Roman Empire to Christianity
9
Q
Attila the Hun
A
emperor- part of the fall of Rome- brutal
10
Q
Diocleation
A
emperor- divided Roman Empire
11
Q
Alexander the Great
A
started the Macedonian empire
12
Q
Egyptions
A
citizens of Ancient Egypt
13
Q
Persians
A
half of Irans population
14
Q
Assyrians
A
citizens of the Assryian Empire
15
Q
Hammurabi
A
6th king of Amorite- first dynasty of babylon
16
Q
Indus Valley
A
Bronze age civilization in South Asia
17
Q
Sumer
A
earliest known civilization - in Mesopotamia
18
Q
Pharoh
A
ancient egyption rulers- highest class
19
Q
nomad
A
person who moves from place to place- never settles
20
Q
scribe
A
professional writer- copies writing
21
Q
merchant
A
involved in business- makes trades- sells stuff
22
Q
artistian
A
skilled craft worker
23
Q
Shi Huagandi
A
emperor- Quin dynasty 221-210 BCE
24
Q
Democracy
A
citizens have an active role in the government
25
monarchy
rule of a single person
26
oligarchy
ruled by multiple powerful people
27
polytheism
the belief of multiple gods
28
monotheism
the belief of one god
29
republic
power in the hands of citizens who vote for their leaders (how it is now)
30
patricians
the elite class- powerful, wealthy families who hold the most political power
31
plebeians
common folk in ancient Rome- made up most of the population
32
Tigris river
flows through turkey and Iraq- key part of early civilization in mesopotamia
33
Euphrates river
one of the longest rivers in Asia- crucial for farming and development in Mesopotamia early civilizations
34
Yangtze river
is the longest river in Asia flowing through china- played big role in ancient Chinese civilizations.
35
Nile river
longest river in the world flowing through northeastern Africa- very important in early Egyptian civilization
36
Ganges river
sacred river in India, highly revered in Hinduism- crucial for agriculture and other things
37
Mediterranean sea
has been very important for trade and cultural exchange - surrounded by Egypt, Greece, and Rome
38
Tiber river
major river in Italy- crucial to the founding and growth of Rome
39
cuneiform
ancient system of writing- originated with Sumerians and Mesopotamia- one of the earliest forms of writing
40
hieroglyphics
ancient egyptian writing system- using pictures to represent words or actions.
41
mythology
refers to a collection of traditional stories or myths from a particular culture- often involve gods, heroes, and explain natural or social phenomena
42
consus
ancient roman mythology- god of grain storage, often associated with secret advice and hidden consuls.
43
senate
political institution in ancient rome- it was the council of elders who guided legislation and policy
44
Julius Ceaser
roman general, statesman, and historian who played a crucial role in the events that led to the fall of the Roman Empire
45
Augustus
first emperor of Rome, transforming it from republic to an empire- Julius Ceaser adopted son
46
prehistoric
refer to the period of time before written records
47
Neolithic Period
Also known as the Stone Age - when humans first started to settle down and farm
48
Paleolithic Era
also called stone age - marked by early human development and use of simple stone tools
49
calligraphy
high form of art- important in cultures like China and the middle east
50
job specialization
people started to focus on specific roles like farming, pottery, or tool-making - beginning of professions
51
pyramids
massive tombs built for Pharaohs
52
art and architecture
refers to the creative expressions of past civilizations
53
public works
large-scale projects for the public benefit- roads, bridges, and aqueducts
54
cities
larger, more organized settlements where trade, government, and culture flourished
55
language
refers to the development and use of a system of communication, often spoken or written- shared by a community or culture
56
government
the system or group of people governing and organized community
57
social classes
divisions in society based on factors like wealth, occupation, and birth
58
religion
refers to the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially God or gods
59
caste
refers to rigid social system where a persons status is designated by birth
60
moksha
refers to the concept of liberation or release from the cycle of rebirth in Hinduism
61
reincarnation
the belief that the soul, upon death, comes back to life in a new body or form
62
Judaism
refers to the monotheistic religion originating with the Israelite's, believing in a covenant with God and following laws set out in the Torah
63
Christianity
refers to a monotheistic religion based on the life and teaching of Jesus Christ
64
Buddhism
spiritual tradition focused on personal spiritual development and the attainment of enlightenment
65
confucianism
a philosophy centered on the values of ethics, family loyalty, and respect for elders
66
Daoism
philosophical tradition emphasizing living in harmony with the Dao, the natural worlds underlying essence
67
legalism
a philosophy that values law, discipline, and absolute power by the ruler
68
dynasty
a series of rulers from the same family or group
69
theocracy
a system of government where priests rule in the name of God or gods
70
karma
the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and actions influence the future
71
noble truths
key teachings in Buddhism. They outline the truth of suffering, its cause, its end, and the path to it
72
Mandate of heaven
the Chinese belief that just ruler had divine approval
73
silk road
a network of trade routes connecting East and West
74
Polis
A city-state in Ancient Greece, like Sparta or Athens
75
Mercenaries
professional soldiers hired to serve in a foreign army
76
Hitties
an Anatolian people who established an empire in modern-day Turkey and Syria
77
Babylonians
were a group based in Mesopotamia, now modern-day Iraq
78
Punic wars
a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC
79
peloponnesian wars
a series of conflicts in ancient Greece, fought between Athens and Sparta and their allies from 431-404 BC
80
Greco-Persian wars
series of conflicts between the Persian Empire and city-states of ancient Greece, mainly Athens and Sparta from 499-449 BC
81
Macedonia
a kingdom located in northern Greece, most famous for Alexander the Great
82
Ancient Carthage
a powerful city-state on the coast of modern Tunisia, founded by Phoenician settlers
83
Zhao
one of the seven major states during China's Warring States period
84
Shang Dynasty
Chinese Dynasty around 1600-1046 BC, famous for bronze work, writing system, and oracle bones
85
ziggurats
massive structures built in ancient Mesopotamia. They're like step pyramids, often part of temple complexes
86
delian league
formed in 478 BC, was an association pf Greek city-states under the leadership of Athens. Its purpose was to continue fighting the Persian empire after the Greek victory in the battle of Plataea at the end of the second Persian invasion of Greece
87
aqueducts
ingenious Roman structures designed to transport water from distant sources into cities and towns
88
irrigation
the methods used to being water to crops
89
hippocrates
a Greek physician often referred to as the "Father of Medicine"
90
aristotle
a Greek philosopher and scientist. He's known for his work in many fields like physics, biology, and politics
91
socrates
a Greek philosopher known for his Socratic method of questioning
92
city grid system
the layout of streets at right angles to each other, creating square blocksi
93
indoor plumbing
a system for water supply and waste removal within buildings
94
decoded lanuage
the process of understanding and interpreting ancient scripts or languages
95
calendar
a system of organizing time into days, months, and yearsw
96
wheel
a round object that rotates on an axle
97
Pythagorean theorem
a mathematical principle, it states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum if the other two sides
98
papyrus
a type of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plant
99
medicine
involved practices to maintain health and prevent/treat illnesses
100
Rosetta Stone
a stone slab inscribed with a decree in three scripts. It was a key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics
101
archaeology
the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture
102
anthropology
the study of humans, human behavior, and societies in the past and present
