Fingerprint Flashcards
(52 cards)
According to this principle, fingerprint is“incapable
of error” or cannot commit mistakes. This means that
the fingerprint is reliable and admissible evidence in
court.
Principle of Infallibility
According to this principle, no two prints of
different or the neighboring fingers at the same
person have ever been found to be identical or exactly
in all aspect.
Principle of Individuality
According to this principle, the papillary ridges are
immutable, perennial, and individual from the third
month of the embryonic of a person until
decomposition set in after death.
Principle of Permanency
It is the top layer of the skin that you can see and
touch.
Epidermis
These are types of patterns in which at least two
deltas are present.
Whorls
These are impressions in a pattern area where
ridges enter on one side of the impression and exit on
the other side with a wave or rise in the center.
Arches
These are types of patterns in which one or more of
the ridges enter on either side of the impression,
recurve, touch, or pass an imaginary line drawn from
the delta to the core and terminate toward the same
side of the impression where it originally entered.
Loops
There is either a shark spike, or the ridges meet at
an angle that is less than 90 degrees. The center often
resembles a tent pole.
Tented arch
Formed by ridges entering from one side of the
print and exiting on the opposite side. These ridges
rise at the center, forming a wavelike structure.
Plain arch
If a loop open towards the thumb, it is called
Radial loop
If a loop open towards the little finger, it is called
Ulnar loop
It is made up of any two loops combined into one
fingerprint.
Double loop whorl
It consists of a whorl embedded in a loop
formation. A line drawn between the deltas will not
intersect a circle.
Central pocket loop whorl
These patterns have at least one ridge that makes
a complete circuit. This ridge may be in the form of a
spiral, an oval, or any circular form. A line drawn
between the deltas will intersect a circle.
Plain whorl
It consists of a combination of two different types
of patterns, with the exception of the plain arch, with
two or more deltas, a pattern that possesses some of
the requirements for two or more different types, or a
pattern that conforms to none of the definitions.
Accidental whorl
It is a bifurcation which does not remain open but
which the legs of the bifurcation, after running along
side by side, short distance, come together again to
form a single ridge once more.
Enclosure
It is a single ridge that which splits into two
ridges, forming a Y shape structure. It is also referred
to as fork.
Bifurcation
It is a connecting ridge between two ridges.
Ridge bridge
It is a ridge that divides to form two ridges which
are shorter in length than the main ridge.
Ridge hook
These are the two ridges flowing side by side and
suddenly separating, one ridge going one way and the
other ridge going another way.
Diverging ridge
This is a kind of ridge formation that curves back
in the direction from which it started. It looks like a
hair pin.
Recurving ridge
This is a ridge formation whose closed ends is
angular and serves as a point of convergence, usually
pointed.
Converging ridge
This is a single ridge which splits into two ridges.
Forming a Y-shape structure.
Bifurcating ridge
Prior to the modification by the FBI, the Henry
system consisted of only 4-classification system. What
are the four original classifications by Sir Edward
Richard Henry?
Primary, Secondary, Sub-Secondary, and Final
