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Oliver gets smarter > FIR 221 > Flashcards

FIR 221 Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of the liver

A

Filters intake, stores and releases glycogen, excretes bilirubin; hormones; cholesterol; drugs, clotting factors, metabolizes fats proteins and carbs

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2
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling

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3
Q

Dysplasia

A

Presence of abnormal cells within a tissue

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4
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Organ or tissue growth at an increased rate

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5
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

Receptors that detect changes in osmotic pressure

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6
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure created by water moving across a membrane due to osmosis

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7
Q

Metaplasia

A

Having a type of cell in a place where that type is not typically found

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8
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Receptors that detect chemical balance changes in the body

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9
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of solvent (water) across a semipermeable membrane from high to low concentration

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10
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

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11
Q

Renal buffering system

A

Buffering system in the kidneys to maintain acid-base balance by reabsorbing bicarbonate from urine back to blood and secreting hydrogen into urine.

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12
Q

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system

A

Fastest buffering system in the body that manages acid/base imbalances that are created by normal anatomy and physiology.

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13
Q

Cortisol

A

Immunosuppressant, reduces inflammation, and promotes gluconeogenesis. Created in adrenal gland.

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14
Q

Isotonic dehydration

A

Low sodium, low water

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15
Q

Hypernatremic dehydration

A

High sodium, low water

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16
Q

Hyponatremic dehydration

A

Low sodium, high water

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17
Q

3rd Degree AV Block

A

Inconsistent/varying PR intervals

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18
Q

1st Degree AV Block

A

Long PR interval (>0.2)

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19
Q

Renin

A

Enzyme secreted by kidney when hypovolemic, turns Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II, which vasoconstricts and secretes ADH

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20
Q

Fluid compartments

A

Intracellular and extracellular

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21
Q

Midazolam Dose

A

Cardioversion- 5mg IVP/IN. Repeat x1 PRN.

Pacing/anxiety/cont. sedation- 2mg slow IVP q. 2 mins or 0.2mg/kg IM/IN max 10mg

Seizures- 2mg IVP/IO q. 30-60s or 0.2mg/kg IM/IN max 10mg

All routes may repeat up to 20mg prn

Peds- 0.1mg/kg IVP or 0.2mg/kg IM/IN. Max single dose 2mg q. 2 min PRN max 10mg.

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22
Q

Fentanyl Dose

A

1mcg/kg max 100mcg + repeat 0.5mcg/kg max 50mcg

Elderly (>65) 0.5mcg/kg max 50mcg

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23
Q

D10 Dose

A

bG 60-70: 12.5Gm
<60: 25Gm
Peds: 0.5Gm/kg max 25Gm

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24
Q

pH Level

A

7.35 to 7.45
Higher than 7.45 is alkalotic
Lower than 7.35 is acidotic

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25
Bicarbonate
Byproduct of body’s metabolism. An alkali.
26
Active transport
Moving molecules across cell membrane using cellular energy (ATP).
27
Types of mediated transport
Active transport, facilitated diffusion
28
Facilitated diffusion
Moving molecules across a cell membrane using the help of a transport molecule.
29
Ketamine Dose
DAI or excited delirium- 2mg/kg IVP over 1 min or 4mg/kg IN/IM. Excited delirium can get 1/2 additional IVP dose after 10 minutes. Pain- 0.3mg/kg IVP over 1 min or IN/IM. May repeat after 20 minutes.
30
Etomidate Dose
0.5mg/kg IVP/IO
31
T cells
Attack antigens
32
B cells
Create antibodies
33
Antigen
Substance that reacts with components of immune system
34
Aldosterone
Hormone that stimulates the absorption of sodium by nephrons to regulate water/salt balance
35
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Peptide hormone secreted by pituitary gland, preventing urine production (retaining fluids)
36
Hering-Brever Reflex
Reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lung
37
Alpha-1
Vasoconstriction
38
Alpha-2
Inhibits norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and insulin release
39
Beta-1
Heart contractibility
40
Beta-2
Vasodilation
41
Catecholamines
Help the body respond to stress or fright Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine
42
3rd Space Loss
Fluid draining into any space that it’s not supposed to
43
Components of extracellular fluid compartments
interstitial and intravascular
44
Beta-1 selective blockers
Subclass of beta blockers that are commonly used to treat hypertension.
45
Layers of the meninges
Skin, periosteum, cranium, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
46
Trigeminal nerve
Cranial nerve controlling facial sensation, chewing
47
Temporal lobe
Controls heating and associating memory with senses
48
Frontal lobe
Responsible for emotion, behavior, and personality
49
Epiphyseal plate
The area of cartilage in a long both between the epiphysis and metaphysics where bone growth occurs
50
Diaphysis
Central aspect of a long bone
51
Metaphysis
Region where epiphysis joins diaphysis in a long bone
52
Epiphysis
End part of the long bone
53
Parietal lobe
Responsible for sensory perception
54
Public symphysis
Joint that sits centered between pubic bones
55
BeFAST
Balance, eyes, facial, arms, speech, time
56
Babinski Reflex
A reflex where the toes curl in when the bottom of the foot is stimulated. Negative finding is normal in pediatrics under 2 years.
57
Vestibulcochlear nerve
Cranial nerve responsible for hearing and balance. Also called the auditory nerve.
58
Trochlear nerve
Cranial nerve responsible for downward and medial eye movement
59
Facial nerve
Cranial nerve responsible for facial muscle movement and eyelid closing
60
Optic nerve
Cranial nerve responsible for visual acuity
61
Olfactory nerve
Cranial nerve responsible for smell
62
Divisions of the brain stem
Pons, midbrain, medulla
63
Coronary sinus
Small veins that form the sinus. Located on the posterior surface between L ventricle and L atrium. Drains most of the deoxygenated blood leave the myocardium into the right atrium.
64
Layers of the heart wall
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
65
Signs of peritonitis
Tenderness, rigidity, distention
66
Parasympathetic nervous system
Controls the maintenance of homeostasis, slows/calms
67
Sympathetic nervous system
“Fight or flight” | Response to threat
68
Occipital lobe
Visual perception
69
S/s ICP
Cushing’s triad: hypertension, bradycardia, bradypnea Headache, seizures, pupillary changes
70
Coccyx
Small triangular bone located at the base of your spine. Your tailbone
71
Ischium
Curved bone forming the base of each half of your pelvis
72
Integumentary system
Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous and associated glands, hair, nails Protects internal from external environment
73
Endocrine system
Regulation of hormones
74
Path of blood through the heart
Body, R atrium, tricuspid valve, R ventricles, lungs via pulmonary artery, L atrium via pulmonary veins, bicuspid valve, L ventricles, to the body via the aorta
75
Carbon dioxide necrosis
Drowsiness caused by hypercarbia
76
Nucleus
Large organelle that holds genetic material of cell and dictates protein synthesis
77
Mitochondria
Synthesizes ATP, "power house"
78
Nucleoli
Plays an essential role in the formation of ribosomes
79
Ribosomes
Synthesize proteins, "power factories"

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