Fire Behavior Chp. 5

Question 1

Fire

Answer 1

a rapid chemical process that produces heat and usually light pg. 129

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Is made up of atoms and molecules pg. 129

Question 3

Solids

Answer 3

pg. 129

Question 4

Liquid

Answer 4

most liquids contract when cooled and expand when heated. pg. 129

Question 5

Gas

Answer 5

a type of liquid that has neither independent shape nor independent volume, but rather tends to expand indefinitely. pg. 129

Question 6

Fuels

Answer 6

are form of energy

Question 7

Chemical Energy

Answer 7

the energy created by a chemical reaction. pg. 129

Question 8

Mechanical Energy

Answer 8

is converted to heat when two materials rub against each other and create friction. pg. 129

Question 9

Electrical Energy

Answer 9

is converted to heat energy in several different ways. pg. 129

Question 10

Fire Triangle

Answer 10

heat+oxygen+fuel= FIRE

Question 11

Fire Tetrrahedron

Answer 11

heat+oxygen+fuel+chemical chain reaction= Fire

pg. 129

Question 12

atom

Answer 12

smallest unit of matter pg. 129

Question 13

Oxidation

Answer 13

is the process in which oxygen combines chemically w/ another substance to create a new compound. pg. 129

Question 14

Combustion

Answer 14

is a rapid chemical process in which the combination of a substance w/ oxygen produces heat and light. pg. 129

Question 15

Pyrolysis

Answer 15

is the decomposition of a material brought about by heat in the absence o oxygen. pg. 129

Question 16

Conduction

Answer 16

is the process of transferring heat through matter by movement of the kinetic energy from one particle to another. pg. 130

Question 17

Convection

Answer 17

is the circulatory movement that occurs in a gas or fluid w/ areas of differing temperatures owing to the variation of the density and the action of gravity. pg 130

Question 18

plume

Answer 18

heated gases and smoke that rises high in the air. pg. 130

Question 19

Radiation

Answer 19

the transfer of heat through the emission of energy in the form of invisible waves

Question 20

Thermal Radiation

Answer 20

how heat transfers to other objects

Question 21

Class A

Answer 21

ordinary solid combustible materials such as wood, paper, cloth. pg. 134

Question 22

Class B

Answer 22

involve flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, and motor oil.

Question 23

Class C

Answer 23

involve energized electrical equipment

Question 24

Class D

Answer 24

involve combustible metals such as sodium, magnesium, and titanium.

Question 25

Class K

Answer 25

involve combustible cooking oils and fats in the kitchens.

Question 26

Ignition phase

Answer 26

the phase of a fire development in which fire is limited to the immediate point of origin

Question 27

Growth phase

Answer 27

the phase of fire development in which the fire is spreading beyond the point of origin and beginning to involve other fuels in the immediate area.

Question 28

Fully developed phase

Answer 28

the phase of fire development in which the fire is free-burning and consuming much of the fuel.

Question 29

Growth phase

Answer 29

the phase of fire development in which the fire is spreading beyond the point of origin and beginning to involve other fuels in the immediate area.

Question 30

Decay phase

Answer 30

the phase of fire development in which the fire has consumed either the available fuel or oxygen and is starting to die down.

Question 31

Key principles of Solid-Fuel Fire Development

Answer 31

- Hot gases and flame are lighter and tend to rise. - Convection is the primary factor in spreading the fire upward. - Downward spread of the fire occurs primarily from radiation and falling chunks of flaming material - If there is not more fuel above or beside the initial flame that can be ignited by convection or radiated heat, the fire will go out - Variations in the direction of upward fire spread will occur if (and when) air currents deflect the flame - The total material burned reflects the intensity of the heat and the duration of the exposure to the heat - An adequate supply of oxygen must be available to fuel a free-burning fire, although some parts of the flame may have a limited supply of oxygen

Question 32

Flashover

Answer 32

the temperature in the room reaches a point where the combustible contents of the room ignite all at once. It is not a specific moment but rather a transition from a fire that is growing by igniting one type of fuel to another, to a fire where all of the exposed fuel in the room is one fire. Temperature is approximately 1000 F.

Question 33

Flameover aka rollover

Answer 33

is the flaming ignition of hot gases that are layered in a developing room or compartment fire.

Question 34

Thermal layering

Answer 34

is a property of gases such that the gases rise as they are heated and form layers w/in a room.

Question 35

Backdraft

Answer 35

The sudden explosive ignition of fire gases when oxygen is introduced into a superheated space previously deprived of oxygen.

Question 36

S/S of Backdraft

Answer 36

- Any confined fire w/ a large heat buildup - Little visible flame from the exterior of the building - A "living fire" smoke puffing from the building that looks like it is breathing - Smoke that seem to be pressurized - Smoke-stained windows (an indication of a significant fire) - Turbulent smoke - Ugly yellowish smoke (containing sulfur compounds)

Question 37

Volatility

Answer 37

The ability of a substance to produce combustible vapors.

Question 38

Flash point

Answer 38

is the lowest temperature at which a liquid produces a flammable vapor

Question 39

Flame point (aka fire point)

Answer 39

is the lowest temperature at which a liquid produces enough vapor to sustain a continuous fire.

Question 40

Vapor density

Answer 40

refers to the weight of a gas fuel and measures the weight of the gas compared to air.

Question 41

Lower flammable limit

Answer 41

refers to the minimum amount of gaseous fuel that must be present in a gas-air mixture for the mixture to be flammable

Question 42

Upper flammable limit

Answer 42

The maximum amount of gaseous fuel that can be present in the air for the air/fuel mixture to be flammable or explosive.

Question 43

(BLEVE) boiling liquid, expanding vapor explosion

Answer 43

when a liquid fuel is stored in a vessel under pressure. The vessel is partly filled with the liquid, w/ the rest of the vessel being occupied by the same compound in the form of a vapor. A propane tank is an example.

Question 44

Smoke volume

Answer 44

the quantity of smoke, which indicates how much fuel is being heated

Question 45

Smoke velocity

Answer 45

speed at which smoke is leaving the building suggest how much pressure is accumulating in the building.

Question 46

Laminar smoke flow

Answer 46

is a smooth or streamlined flow

Question 47

Turbulent smoke flow

Answer 47

agitated, boiling, or angry smoke | Flashover is likely to happen.

Question 48

Smoke density

Answer 48

thickness of the smoke. suggest how much fuel is contained in the smoke.

Question 49

Color of smoke

Answer 49

gives you some indication of which stage the fire is in and which substances are burning. Solids- emit a white colored smoke when they are first heated Plastics and painted or stained surfaces emit a gray smoke Blacker the color the hotter the smoke

Question 50

Black Fire

Answer 50

a high volume, high velocity, turbulent, ultra dense Think of it as if it were fire. Temp is above 1000 F