first Flashcards
(178 cards)
1
Q
what is the equation for yield strength of pipe
A
2
Q
describe the classification categories of cements (letter)
A
3
Q
What is a pore pressure prediction method
A
4
Q
what does a “Grade” of casing tell you
A
5
Q
what is cement solid additives referenced to/by?
A
6
Q
what is assumed for the external pressure when designing the surface and intermediate casing for burst pressure
A
7
Q
what is the equation for plastic collapse pressure
A
letter constants given
8
Q
Many abnormal pore pressure processes are simply the _______ of those which effect subnormal pressures
A
9
Q
d-exponent relates the _______ with the drilling rate
A
pore pressure
10
Q
what is the assumed pressure inside the casing when desinging production casing
A
11
Q
describe design of christmas tree and wellhead
A
12
Q
The d exponent ______ R and N, and changes in response to a change in the drilling rate.
A
R = rate of penetration
N = rotary speed
13
Q
what are three results of exceeding burst pressure of casing
A
14
Q
what are the equations for triaxial and biaxial collapse pressure
A
biaxial doesn’t conisder internal pressure
15
Q
What is pore pressure prediction used for
A
16
Q
what is yield strength Fy
A
The amount of strength before the pipe goes from elastic yield to plastic yield
17
Q
what is compaction theory
A
18
Q
what is the equation for elastic collapse pressure
A
19
Q
describe how salt diapers can create an overpressured zone
A
20
Q
Most pore pressure prediction techniques rely on _______ or ______ porosity
A
21
Q
what are the properties of cement after setting
A
22
Q
What two mud weight curves are used for casing design
A
23
Q
What is the equation for fracture pressure
A
24
Q
what is a drive pipe
A
25
what does a flex joint do
compensates for horizontal movement
26
What is W
weight on bit
27
what is the equation for dc exponent
28
how do you do liner interpolation for pipe grades
29
what is a tie back?
liner that is extended to the surface at a later date after installation
30
Describe downfaulting and overpressured zones
31
What is the horizontal method for undercompaction
32
cements are classified into categories by ____ grade
API
33
what are lightweight additives
34
what is mew
poisson ratio
35
Describe how abnormal pressure can be achieved by man-made methods
36
A decrease or flattening of the d exponent indicates a transition into an _____ pore pressure region (if all other parameters, including drilling fluid density do not change in the interval).
37
what is the base reference measurement for cement mixtures
38
matrix interval transit time is also a _______ of porosity
39
What is the equation with bulk density
40
what are the variables and exponents
R = rate of penetration
W = rate on bit
N = rotary speed
db = drill bit size
41
What is NCT
normal compaction trend (normally pressurized)
42
what is the equation for overburden stress
43
what is the relationship with porosity and depth
logarithmic
44
what is the casing design criteria for burt pressure
45
Give examples of pressure seals
46
what is the fineness of cement
47
What is a pore pressure prediction method (graphical)
48
Older formations normally present a degree of compaction _____ than new ones
49
what are the properties of cement in the fluid period
50
what are the types of cement
51
Bulk density depends on what
52
what is pipe (or casing) displacement
53
what is happenign here
transition zone into overpressured zone
54
what is meant by a state of stress in a formation
55
what are heavyweight additives
56
when adding additives to cement, extra _____ may need to be added to compensate for additives
water
57
what is the equation for pore pressure
58
how many ranges of casing joints are there
59
What are the two methods to determine matrix stress
60
what are low water additives
61
what is the middle curve
external pressure (right curve) minus internal pressure (left curve)
62
waht is the right curve
external pressure
63
what is the equation for horizontal matrix stress
64
What does an overpressured reservoir look like
65
what is the equation for the depth of the neutral point of casing
66
waht is the assumed _internal_ pressure when designing production casing
67
What does normally pressured mean
68
What is the equation for posity versus depth
69
How can pore pressure be predicted durign drilling
70
These seismic data are, sometimes, the only _____ about the sedimentary rocks underground (in wildcats, for example).
71
what is the equation for transition collapse pressure
letter coefficients given
72
what are the advantages of using cement
73
Describe how a reverese fault can cause an overpressured zone
74
Describe the mud weight window
75
what are the types of loads on the casing
76
How does bulk density vary with depth
77
what does a slip joint do?
compensates for vertical movement
78
what is the equation for burst pressure
t = thickness
0.875 = safety factor
79
what is the christmas tree
80
the difference between triaxial and biaxial in terms of pipe stress regime is what
biaxial does not include internal pressure
81
When designing surface and conductor casing, assume that a fraction *f* (usually not less than 40%) of the length is evacuated by ____ and (1-f) fraction of the length remains filled with \_\_\_\_.
82
everything being constant, an increase in drilling rate indicates what
an increase in pore pressure because the pore pressure if assiting in removing the rock
83
what is the equation for overburden stress
84
if axial stress isn't being considered during the triaxial collapse pressure analysis, the analysis turns into what
biaxial, sigma a is removed -\> ye goes to ye
85
what is a liner
casing that doesn't extend to the surface
86
Abnormal pressurized formations always require some means of _____ or _____ the pressure within the rock body
87
what are water to cement ratios
88
what is the equation to solve for the maximum length of casing as a function of max axial load
89
what is peq
the density of the mud and cuttings while it is being circulated by the mud pumps. almost always higher pressure
90
What is the equation for overburden stress
91
what is db
diameter of the bit
92
What is Eaton's equation
93
what is R
rate of penetration
94
what does the curve to the farthest right show
internal pressure, transition matches up with figure to the left
95
what is the highlighted curve in red
collapse pressure
96
waht is the assumed external pressure when designing production casing
97
what is the middle curve
the external pressure (right curve) minus the internal pressure (left curve)
98
below applies to what
tension strength formula
99
a cements consistence is a measure of what
thickening time
100
what are cement retarders
101
what are the standard hole and string sizes
102
What is a normal compaction trend line
103
how do you predict and dedect abnormal pressure zones _while drilling_
104
What are the 12 indications of abnormal pressure
105
What is the dashed line on the pic below
safety margin
0.05 ppg - 0.1 ppg
106
A result from seismic survey is the ________ at several depths (time required by acoustic wave to traverse a length, normally 1 ft or 1 m, of formation).
107
What are the average transit times for matrix materials alone and matrix materials in water and oil
108
where are the two places tension failure can occur in the casing
109
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ rocks should always be a warning to a driller that the pore pressure may be changing
110
what is the yield strength collapse pressure for non-thick wall pipe
111
what are the types of casing
112
What is N
rotary speed
113
why run casing
114
what is the left curve
internal pressure
115
for each sack of cement, a specific amount of ____ is added according to the API grade
water
116
What is a subnormally pressured reservoir
117
what is meant by the soundness of cement
118
what does a casing selection chart look like
119
what is the von misses failure criteria
120
How do the "horizontal methods for undercompaction" look like graphically
121
Describe types of casing threads and couplings
122
how is cement manufactured
123
What does swabbing mean
Pulling the drilling string out of the wellbore
124
what are the primary and secondary functions of casing
125
The collapse pressure resistance of a pipe depends on the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
126
What is a spool
access to area between casings
127
what is the casing design criteria for tension
128
What does surging mean
Push the drilling string into the wellbore
129
what is cement water referenced to/by?
130
what are liners and the three types
131
With normal compaction, R should _____ with depth which corresponds to an increase in d.
R = rate of penetration
d = d exponent
132
what is th bingham drilling model
133
There is a certain ______ to surge and swab to prevent fracture and kick
Speed
134
what is the least matrix stress
135
what are the setting properties of cement
136
what is this curve
collapse pressure
137
pore pressure is ________ pore size
related to
138
How do you determine porosity using the equivalent depth method
139
what is K and nw
constants
140
What is the equation for average transit time
141
Describe rounded thead, square thread, and integral thread
142
what is the wellhead
143
what does dc correct for
144
what is hole capacity
145
How are the D/t boundaries for collapse pressure determined
146
What is an artesian system
When fluid is injected into a system causing higher pressure
147
what is a conductor pipe
148
What are some causes for abnormal pore pressure
149
what is production casing
150
What are different regimes of collapse failure (depends on ratio D/t) for pipe
151
what is pipe (or casing) capacity
152
hwo do you predict and dedect abnormal pressured zones _after drilling_
153
what is the equation for transition collapse pressure
154
what is intermediate casing
155
where is the worst sinario for burst pressure for surface and intermediate casing
transition between gas and drilling fluid (blue/yellow meet)
156
what is the equation for yield collapse pressure for a thick wall cylinder
sigma r = radial stress
sigma t = tensile stress
157
describe how surface erosion can create over pressured zones
158
\_\_\_\_\_ problems and _______ are common problems in subnormal pressurized zones.
159
what is the equation fro formation fracture pressure
160
what is assumed for the _internal_ pressure when designing the surface and intermediate casing for burst pressure
161
How do you predict abnormal pressure zones _before drilling_
162
what is the Basic composition of the clinker and Powder Portland cement
163
name some special cements
164
pipe is more likely to burst if it is under (tension/compression)
compression
165
what is meant by cement yield
166
Massive shales provide good \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, but shales do have some permeability, so, given sufficient time, normal pressures will eventually be established.
167
what is the casing design criteria for collapse
168
what is cement liquid additives referenced to/by?
169
what is the definition of a cements filtrate properties
how much fluid the cement can pass through it
170
what are cement accelerators
171
What kind of pressure does this picture describe?
normally pressured or hydrostatic pressure
172
What is the equation for average porosity
173
What is a subnormal pressurized zone
174
Pore pressure varies with the ____ that causes the loss of hydration water in the matrix of some formations like shales.
175
what is surface casing
176
How do you history match using the Eaton equation
Adjust the Eaton equation coeffciient to match field data (3 in this case)
177
what are lost circulation additives
178
1 cement sack = ___ lbm
