First Aid Flashcards
(44 cards)
Extra pyramidal symptoms px, cause, tx
- dystonia (spasms) of face, neck, tongue
- pseudoParkinsonism = resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia
- akathisia = restlessness
- tardive dyskinesia
- high potency first generation antipsychotics
- tx: benztropine, diphenhydramine, benzo, beta blocker
Low potency vs high potency first generation antipsychotic SE
- anticholinergic sx
- extrapyramidal, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Tardive dyskinesia px, cause, tx
- darting or writhing movements of face, tongue, head
- high potency antipsychotics
- discontinue first gen and switch to 2nd gen antipsychotic
First generation antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine
Trifluoperazine
Haloperidol
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome px, cause, tx
-mental status change + autonomic change + fever + lead pipe rigidity + sweating + elevated CPK + leukocytosis + metabolic acidosis
- high potency antipsychotics
- withdrawal of offending agent, dantrolene
Echolalia vs echopraxia
Repeating words vs repeating/mimicking behaviors
2nd generation antipsychotics
Risperidone Olanzapine Quetiapine Aripiprazole Ziprasidone Clozapine --for tx resistant psychoses
Types of schizophrenia
- paranoid
- disorganized
- catatonic
- undifferentiated
- residual –prominent negative
SIG E CAPS =
-sx of major depressive disorder
Sleep
Interest
Guilt
Energy
Concentration
Appetite
Psychomotor activity
Suicidal ideation
DIG FAST =
-sx of mania
Distractability
Insomnia/ Impulsive behavior
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas/ racing thoughts
Activity/ Agitation
Speech (pressured)
Thoughtlessness
opiod intoxication vs withdrawal
- CNS depression, n/v, sedation, dec pain perception, dec GI motility, pupil CONSTRICTION, resp depression*
- inc sympathetic activity, n/v, diarrhea, diaphoresis, rhinorrhea, piloerection, stomach cramps, myalgias/arthralgias*, anxiety, anorexia
amphetamine intoxication vs withdrawal
- euphoria, inc attention span, aggressiveness, psychomotor agitation, pupil DILATION*, HTN, tachy, arrhythmias, psychosis, formication (cocaine**), dec appetite
- “crash,” restlessness, headache, hunger*, insomnia/hypersomnia, cravings
PCP vs LSD vs cannabis intoxication
- belligerence, impulsive, psychomotor agitation, vertical/horizontal nystagmus, hyperthermia, tachy, ataxia, psychosis
- hallucinations*, distortion of time & space, elevated mood, “bad trips,” flashbacks
- euphoria, paranoia, anxiety, slowed time, social withdrawal*, inc appetite, dry mouth
how long does it take before DTs arise from alcohol withdrawal?
2-4 days after last intake
- px with delirium, agitation, fever, autonomic hyperactivity (seizures), hallucinations
- tx: benzo & hydrate
hypertensive crisis caused by?
MAOI + tyramine-containing food (wine, old cheese)
-tx: phentolamine
serotonin syndrome px
confusion + flushing + diaphoresis + tremor + myoclonic jerks + hyperthermia + hypertonicity + rhabdomyolysis + renal failure + hyperreflexia
contraindications for bupropion?
- past seizures/ epilepsy
- anorexia
mirtazapine
- alpha 2 antagonist
- used to tx depression in elderly due to beneficial SE –inc appetite & sedation
tx for TCA overdose?
sodium bicarbonate
MAOI used to tx what?
Atypical depression = hypersomnia, inc appetite! include sensitivity to interpersonal rejection
antiHAM SE:
- antiHistamine
- anti-Alpha adrenergic
- anti-Muscarinic
- sedation, weight gain
- orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction
- dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, blurry vision, constipation
thioridazine SE
- associated with retinitis pigmentosa
- irreversible pigmentation at high doses
a low potency typical antipsychotic
Cataplexy tx?
Sodium oxybate
Insomnia tx?
- CBT
- benzo
- non benzos: zolpidem, eszopiclone, zaleplon
