First Aid MSK

Question 1

posterior hip dislocation - leg findings

Answer 1

*shortened, internally rotated leg

Question 2

anterior hip dislocation - leg findings

Answer 2

*lengthened, externally rotated leg

Question 3

hip fracture - leg findings

Answer 3

*shortened, externally rotated leg

Question 4

clavicle fracture

Answer 4

*presentation: occurs after trauma (typically a fall); pain with possible skin tenting due to fracture angulation, proximal fragment will be elevated, distal will be depressed due to muscular pull; may be accompanying snapping or clicking
*tx: sling if uncomplicated; surgery is fracture open, displaced with skin tenting, or neurovascular compromise

Question 5

shoulder dislocation

Answer 5

*anterior dislocation most common; risk for axillary nerve injury; pts hold arm in slight abduction and external rotation
*posterior dislocation rare; associated with seizure and electrocution; patients hold arm in adduction and internal rotation
*tx: reduction followed by a sling and swath; recurrent dislocations may need surgery

Question 6

acute rotator cuff tear

Answer 6

*acute-onset anterior shoulder pain and weakness with abduction or external rotation of the humerus after fall on outstretched arm or in young athletes
*dx made clinically and confirmed with MRI