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First Aid & Firecracker > First Aid: Rapid Review > Flashcards

First Aid: Rapid Review Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnose: Acute abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari Syndrome (post-hepatic venous thrombosis)

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2
Q

Diagnose: Achilles tendon xanthoma.

A

Familial Hypercholesterolemia type II.

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3
Q

Diagnose: Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome from meningococcemia

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4
Q

Diagnose: Anterior drawer sign

A

ACL injury

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5
Q

Diagnose: Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints.

A

Marfan Syndrome

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6
Q

Diagnose: Athlete with polycytemia

A

EPO injection

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7
Q

Diagnose: Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Pott disease

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8
Q

Diagnose: bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis

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9
Q

Diagnose: Blue Sclera

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

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10
Q

Diagnose: Bluish line on gingiva

A

Lead poisoning (Burton line)

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11
Q

Diagnose: Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget Disease of Bone

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12
Q

Diagnose: Bounding pulses, diastolic murmur, head bobbing.

A

Aortic regurg

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13
Q

Diagnose: Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud’s on a young female

A

SLE

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14
Q

Diagnose: Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartomas)

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (Look for pheo and optic neuromas)

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15
Q

Diagnose: Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities.

A

McCune-Albright Syndrome

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16
Q

Diagnose: Calf psuedohypertrophy

A

Muscular Dystrophy

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17
Q

Diagnose: Cherry-red spots on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (w/o hepatomegaly) or Niemann-Pick (w/ hepatomegaly)

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18
Q

Diagnose: Chest pain on exertion.

A

Angina

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19
Q

Diagnose: Chest pain, pericardial effusion, friction rub, persistent fever following an MI.

A

Dressler Syndrome

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20
Q

Diagnose: Child uses hands to stand from squat.

A

Gower sign of Muscular Dystrophy

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21
Q

Diagnose: Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spread to body

A

Parvovirus B19

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22
Q

Diagnose: Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease

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23
Q

Diagnose: Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, and myoglobinuria.

A

McArdle Disease

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24
Q

Diagnose: Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

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25
Q

Diagnose: Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF due to stroke or MS)

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26
Q

Diagnose: Continuous machine like heart murmur?

A

PDA

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27
Q

Diagnose: Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema (caused by Graves disease)

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28
Q

Diagnose: Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma

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29
Q

Diagnose: Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation.

A

Kussmaul respirations (DKA)

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30
Q

Diagnose: Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea.

A

Pellagra (The three Ds of B3)

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31
Q

Diagnose: Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

Wet Beriberi

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32
Q

Diagnose: Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

Pasteurella Multocida

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33
Q

Diagnose: Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjorgen Syndrome

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34
Q

Diagnose: Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome from iron deficiency

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35
Q

Diagnose: Elastic skin, hypermotility of joints

A

Ehlers-Danlos

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36
Q

Diagnose: Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow Node (mets from abdomen)

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37
Q

Diagnose: Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

Mycosis fungoides (cutanous T-Cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (same + atypical T cells in the blood)

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38
Q

Diagnose: Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Hypocalcemia (Chvostek sign)

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39
Q

Diagnose: Fat, female, forty, and fertile

A

Cholelithiasis

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40
Q

Diagnose: Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

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41
Q

Diagnose: Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

A

Measles

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42
Q

Diagnose: Fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms (particularly of lymphoma)

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43
Q

Diagnose: Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

A

Peyronie disease

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44
Q

Diagnose: Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-Nyhan

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45
Q

Diagnose: Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea.

A

Wilson Disease (Kayser-Fleischer Rings)

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46
Q

Diagnose: Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth, feet and hands.

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

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47
Q

Diagnose: Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

A

Gaucher’s Disease

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48
Q

Diagnose: Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracs.

A

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

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49
Q

Diagnose: Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility.

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)

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50
Q

Diagnose: Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign

A

UMN lesion

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51
Q

Diagnose: hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN lesion

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52
Q

Diagnose: Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

Chronic bronchitis

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53
Q

Diagnose: Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

If painless Syphilis, if painful w/ exudate Haemophilus Ducreyi.

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54
Q

Diagnose: Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia.

A

Patau syndrome

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55
Q

Diagnose: Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration.

A

Niemann-Pick disease

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56
Q

Diagnose: Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly.

A

Cori (de-branching enzyme) or Von Gierke (glucose-6-phosphatase)

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57
Q

Diagnose: Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect

A

Edwards Syndrome

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58
Q

Diagnose: Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder.

A

Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)

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59
Q

Diagnose: Large rash with bull’s-eye appearance.

A

Erythema Migrans from Lyme

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60
Q

Diagnose: Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury.

A

Epidural hematoma

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61
Q

Diagnose: Male child, recurrent infection, no mature B cells.

A

Brutons disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

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62
Q

Diagnose: Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time.

A

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (defective GpIIb/IIIa)

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63
Q

Diagnose: Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension.

A

Becks triad of cardiac tamponade

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64
Q

Diagnose: Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumary teeth.

A

Gardner syndrome (Sub-type of FAP)

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65
Q

Diagnose: Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance.

A

Pompe Disease (acid maltase AKA alpha-glucosidase)

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66
Q

Diagnose: Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne Palsy (C5-C6 superior trunk)

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67
Q

Diagnose: No lactation post-partum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

A

Sheehan Syndrome (Pituitary Infarction)

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68
Q

Diagnose: Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear opthalmoplegia.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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69
Q

Diagnose: Oscillating slow and fast breathing.

A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations (In CHF or with high intracranial pressure)

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70
Q

Diagnose: Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia.

A

Cold Agglutinin disease caused by Mycoplasma Pneumonia.

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71
Q

Diagnose: Painful, pale, cold fingers and toes.

A

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

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72
Q

Diagnose: Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers or toes.

A

Oslers nodes of infective endocarditis.

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73
Q

Diagnose: Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles.

A

Janeway Lesions of infective endocarditis.

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74
Q

Diagnose: Painless jaundice

A

Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct. Or Gilbert Syndrome.

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75
Q

Diagnose: Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria.

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis)

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76
Q

Diagnose: Pancreatic, pituitary and parathyroid tumors.

A

MEN 1 (Autosomal dominant)

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77
Q

Diagnose: Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia.

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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78
Q

Diagnose: Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation.

A

Emphysema (“pink puffer”)

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79
Q

Diagnose: Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemic rickets.

A

Fanconi Syndrome (proximal tubule reabsorption defect)

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80
Q

Diagnose: Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques.

A

Linchen Planus

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81
Q

Diagnose: Ptosis, Miosis, Anhidrosis

A

Horner Syndrome

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82
Q

Diagnose: Pupil accomodates but does not react.

A

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

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83
Q

Diagnose: Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI / upper respiratory infection.

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome

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84
Q

Diagnose: Rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, 2o Syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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85
Q

Diagnose: Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE.

A

Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome, autosomal dominant deficiency in Th17 cells)

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86
Q

Diagnose: Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

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87
Q

Diagnose: Red “currant jelly” stools

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia or intussusception depending on the age.

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88
Q

Diagnose: Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

A

Paget disease of the breast

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89
Q

Diagnose: Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

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90
Q

Diagnose: Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastoma, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma.

A

von Hippel-Lindau disease

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91
Q

Diagnose: Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability.

A

Parkinson Disease

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92
Q

Diagnose: Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers.

A

Roth Spots (bacterial endocarditis)

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93
Q

Diagnose: Severe Jaundice in a neonate

A

Crigler-Najal syndrome (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

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94
Q

Diagnose: Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ.

A

Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)

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95
Q

Diagnose: Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness.

A

McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)

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96
Q

Diagnose: Short stature, increase incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia.

A

Fanconi Anemia (Genetic loos of DNA cross-link repair; progresses to AML)

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97
Q

Diagnose: Single palmar crease

A

Down syndrome

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98
Q

Diagnose: Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener’s Syndrome (dyenin arm defect affecting cilia)

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99
Q

Diagnose: Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

Addison Disease (1o adrenocortical insufficiency causes increase ACTH and alpha-MSH)

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100
Q

Diagnose: Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy

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101
Q

Diagnose: Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white center.

A

Koplik’s Spots (measles, rubeola)

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102
Q

Diagnose: Smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesion on genitals

A

Condyloma Lata (2o syphilis)

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103
Q

Diagnose: Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

A

Bacterial Endocarditis

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104
Q

Diagnose: “Strawberry tongue”

A

Kawasaki vasculitis, toxic shock syndrome or Scarlett fever

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105
Q

Diagnose: Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidneys, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema.

A

Turner Syndrome (45 XO)

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106
Q

Diagnose: Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

A

Gout (hyperuricemia)

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107
Q

Diagnose: Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae.

A

Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)

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108
Q

Diagnose: Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis

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109
Q

Diagnose: Systolic Ejection Murmur (crescendo-decrecendo)

A

Aortic Stenosis

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110
Q

Diagnose: Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A (aut dom ret mutation)

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111
Q

Diagnose: Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN 2B (aut dom ret mutation)

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112
Q

Diagnose: Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign for UMN lesion

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113
Q

Diagnose: Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead

A

Facial nerve LMN palsy

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114
Q

Diagnose: Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male

A

Reactive arthritis associated with HLA B 27

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115
Q

Diagnose: Vascular birth mark (port-wine stain)

A

Hemangioma (bening, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)

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116
Q

Diagnose: Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations.

A

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome (alcoholic or bulimic syndrome)

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117
Q

Diagnose: Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

A

Whipple Disease

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118
Q

Diagnose: “Worst headache of my life”

A

Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage

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119
Q

Lab: Anticentromere antibodies

A

CREST syndrome (limited scleroderma) Bonus: What does CREST stand for.

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120
Q

Lab: Antidemoglin (epithelial) antibodies

A

Phemphigus vulgaris (w/ + Nikolsky sign)

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121
Q

Lab: Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (Rapidly Progressive Cresenteric Glomerulonephritis)

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122
Q

Lab: Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug induced SLE (Hydralazine, INH, Phenytoin, Procainamide)

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123
Q

Lab: Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (Systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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124
Q

Lab: antimitochondrial antibodies

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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125
Q

Lab: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

A 
MPO-ANCA/P-ANCA = Microscopic Polyangitis or Churg-Strauss
PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA = Granulomatosis with polyangitis
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126
Q

Lab: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA: Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (Type III Hypersensitivity)

127
Q

Lab: Anti-platelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura

128
Q

Lab: Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma

129
Q

Lab: Anti-transglutaminase/anti-giadin/anti-endomesial antibodies

A

Celiac disease

130
Q

Lab: “Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

Colorectal cancer

131
Q

Lab: Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblast

A

Auer rods AML (especially M3 t(15,17) = PML-RARA)

132
Q

Lab: Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Strep pyo
Resistant: GBS

133
Q

Lab: “Bamboo spine” on xray

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis (Chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA-B27)

134
Q

Lab: Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (2o to splenectomy)

135
Q

Lab: Basophilic stippling on RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

136
Q

Lab: Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

137
Q

Lab: “Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

RVH (such as Tetralogy of Fallot)

138
Q

Lab: Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces Isrealii

139
Q

Lab: “Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

140
Q

Lab: Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (Horner syndrome)

141
Q

Lab: Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma Cruzi)

142
Q

Lab: Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

RPGN

143
Q

Lab: Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

144
Q

Lab: Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright Rosettes (Neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

145
Q

Lab: colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic Fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene -> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

146
Q

Lab: Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid and/or maternal serum

A

Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

147
Q

Lab: Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

A

Tabes Dorsalis (3o Syphilis), or Subacute combined degeneration (B12 or E)

148
Q

Lab: Depigmentation of neurons in the substantial nigra

A

Parkinson’s Disease (basal ganglia disorder, rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor)

149
Q

Lab: Desquamated Epithelium Cast in Sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)

150
Q

Lab: Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

151
Q

Lab: Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cancer)

152
Q

Lab: Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Owl Eye” appearance of CMV

153
Q

Lab: Enlarged thyroid cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

A

“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

154
Q

Lab: Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cells.

A

Mallory Body (alcoholic liver disease)

155
Q

Lab: Eosinophilic Cytoplasmic Inclusion in nerve cell.

A

Lewy Body (Parkinson disease)

156
Q

Lab: Eosinophilic globule in liver

A

Councilman Body (toxic viral hepatitis, often yeller fever)

157
Q

Lab: Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells.

A

Negri bodies of rabies

158
Q

Lab: Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

A

Senile Plaques of Alzheimer disease

159
Q

Lab: Giant B cell with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (“owl’s eye”)

A

Reed-Sternberg Cell of Hodgkin Lymphoma

160
Q

Lab: Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

A

Schiller-Duval bodies of a yolk sac tumor

161
Q

Lab: “Hair on end” (crew cut) appearance on x-ray

A

Beta-thalassemia or Sickle Cell (marrow expansion)

162
Q

Lab: hCG elevated

A

Choriocarcinoma or a hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

163
Q

Lab: Heart nodules (granulomatous)

A

Aschoff Bodies (Rheumatic fever)

164
Q

Lab: Heterophile Antibodies

A

Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV)

165
Q

Lab: Hexagonal, double pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions.

A

Bronchial Asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

166
Q

Lab: High level of D-Dimer

A

DIC, PVT or PE

167
Q

Lab: Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)

A

Ghon Complex (1o TB)

168
Q

Lab: “Honeycomb lung” on x-ray or CT

A

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

169
Q

Lab: Hypercoagulability leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis

A

Trousseau Syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

170
Q

Lab: Hypersegmented Neutrophils

A

B12 of Folate Def

171
Q

Lab: Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis.

A

Conn Syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)

172
Q

Lab: Hypochromic microcytic anemia

A

Iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia

173
Q

Lab: Increased AFP in amniotic fluid and/or maternal serum

A

Dating error, spin bifida, anencephaly

174
Q

Lab: Increased Uric Acid levels

A

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan, tumor lysis syndrome, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics

175
Q

Lab: Intracellular eosinophilic droplet-like bodies

A

Cowdry Type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

176
Q

Lab: Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum

A

Ferroginous bodies (asbestosis, increasing chance of mesothelioma)

177
Q

Lab: Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

178
Q

Lab: Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

A

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

179
Q

Lab: “Lead pipe” appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray

A

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

180
Q

Lab: Linear appearance on IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

181
Q

Lab: Low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

182
Q

Lab: “Lumpy Bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescense

A

Pos-Streptococcoal Glomerulonephritis (depositions of IgG and C3 immune complex)

183
Q

Lab: Lytic “hole punched” bone lesions on x-ray

A

Multiple Myeloma

184
Q

Lab: Mammary Gland “blue domed” cyst

A

Fibrocystic change of the breast

185
Q

Lab: Monoclonal Antibody Spike

A 
Multiple myeloma (IgG or IgA)
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary Amyloidosis
186
Q

Lab: Mucin Filled Cell with Peripheral Nucleus

A

Signet Ring Cell (Gastric Carcinoma)

187
Q

Lab: Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray

A

“String Sign” Crohn’s Disease

188
Q

Lab: Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Wegener’s, PR3-ANCA, c-ANCA) or Goodpasture Syndrome (anti-GBM)

189
Q

Lab: Needle Shaped Negatively Birefringent Crystals

A

Gout (Monosodium urate crystal)

190
Q

Lab: Nodular Hyalinedeposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelstein-Wilson Nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

191
Q

Lab: Novobiocin Response

A 
Sensitive = Staph Epidermidis
Resistant = Staph Saprophyticus
192
Q

Lab: “Nutmeg” appearance of liver

A

Chronic congestion of liver due to right heart failure

193
Q

Lab: “Onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing Sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

194
Q

Lab: Optochin response

A

Sensitive: Strep Pneumo
Resistant: Strep Viridans or Strep Sanguis

195
Q

Lab: Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area

A

Codman triangle on xray (osteosarcoma, Edwing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

196
Q

Lab: Podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy.

A

Minimal Change Disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

197
Q

Lab: Polished. “ivory-like” appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

A

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

198
Q

Lab: Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.

A

Neurofibrillary Tangles (Alzheimer’s Disease) and Pick Bodies (Pick Disease)

199
Q

Lab: Psammoma Bodies

A

Papillary thyroid tumors
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
Meningioma
Malignant Mesothelioma

200
Q

Lab: Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

Glioblastoma Multiforme

201
Q

Lab: RBC casts in urine

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

202
Q

Lab: Rectangular, crystal like, cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells

A

Reinke Crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

203
Q

Lab: Renal Epithelial Cast in Urine

A

Acute Toxic/Viral Renal Injury

204
Q

Lab: Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringement

A

Pseudogout (Calcium Pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

205
Q

Lab: Rib Notching

A

Coarctation of the aorta

206
Q

Lab: Ring-enhancing lesions in AIDS

A

Toxoplasma gondii or CNS Lymphoma

207
Q

Lab: Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages (“Starry sky” histology)

A

Burkitt Lymphoma (t(8,14) causes c-myc activation, associated with EBV, “black sky” are the malignant cells)

208
Q

Lab: Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau protein in neurons.

A

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia with changes in personality)

209
Q

Lab: “Soap bubble” in femur or tibia on x-ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign, epiphyseal, 20-40 years old)

210
Q

Lab: “Spikes” on basement membrane, “dome like” sub epithelial deposits.

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

211
Q

Lab: Stacks of RBCs

A

Rouleaux Formation (High ESR, Multiple Myeloma)

212
Q

Lab: Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

A

Clue cells of bacterial vaginosis with Gardnerella Vaginalis

213
Q

Lab: “Tennis Racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

A

Birbeck Granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

214
Q

Lab: Thrombi made of white/red layers

A

Lines of Zhan (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

215
Q

Lab: “Thumb sign” on lateral x-ray

A

Epiglottitis (H Flu)

216
Q

Lab: Thyroid-like appearance of the kidney

A

Chronic Bacterial Pyelonephritis

217
Q

Lab: “Tram track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membrane on light microscopy.

A

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

218
Q

Lab: Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

A

Fatty Liver Disease (alcoholic or metabolic)

219
Q

Lab: “Waxy” cast with very low urine flow

A

Chronic End-Stage Renal disease.

220
Q

Lab: WBC Cast in urine

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

221
Q

Lab: WBCs that look “smudged”

A

CLL (Almost always B cell)

222
Q

Lab: “Wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy.

A

Lupus Nephropathy

223
Q

Lab: Yellowish CSF

A

Xanthochromia (eg. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

224
Q

Treatment for absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

225
Q

Treatment for acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, Steroid, Colchine

226
Q

Treatment for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia M3

A

All-trans retinoic acid

227
Q

Treatment for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

228
Q

Treatment for Alcohol use disorder

A

AA + disulfiran, naltrexone or acamprosate

229
Q

Treatment for Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepines

230
Q

Treatment for anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy

231
Q

Treatment for anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

232
Q

Treatment for arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class Ib (Lidocaine, Mexiletine, Tocainide)

233
Q

Treatment for B12 deficiency (supplement + ?)

A

B12 supplement + Schilling test

234
Q

Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin, Finasteride

235
Q

Treatment for bipolar disorder

A

Lithium, Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotigrine

236
Q

Treatment for breast cancer in postmenopausal women

A

Anastrozole (aromatase inhibitor)

237
Q

Treatment for Buerger disease

A

Smoking Cessation

238
Q

Treatment for bulimia nervosa

A

SSRI

239
Q

Treatment for candida albicans

A

Amphotericin B for systemic, nystatin for oral thrush and azoles for vaginitis.

240
Q

Treatment for carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

241
Q

Treatment for Chalmydai trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea), Erythromycin drops for prophylaxis in neonates.

242
Q

Treatment for chronic gout.

A

Probenecid (to improve secretion) or Allupurinol (to reduce production), Febuxostat

243
Q

Treatment for chronic hepatitis

A

IFN-alpha

244
Q

Treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

A

Imatinib (anti BCR-ABL)

245
Q

Treatment for clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

246
Q

Treatment for clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin

247
Q

Treatment for clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

248
Q

Treatment for CMV

A

Gancyclovir or Foscarnet

249
Q

Treatment for Crohn Disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine

250
Q

Treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Flucytosine + Amphotericin B followed by Fluconazole prophylaxis

251
Q

Treatment for Cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

252
Q

Treatment for depression

A

SSRI

253
Q

Treatment for diabetes insipidus

A

DDAVP (central), hydrochlorathiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

254
Q

Treatment for diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention + insulin

255
Q

Treatment for diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and finally insulin if refractory.

256
Q

Treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

257
Q

Treatment for enterococci

A

Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside

258
Q

Treatment for erectile dysfunction

A

Sidenafil, vardenafil

259
Q

Treatment for ER+ breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

260
Q

Treatment for Ethylene Glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole

261
Q

Prophylaxis for Haemophilus influenza type B

A

Rifampin

262
Q

Treatment for generalized anxiety disorder

A

Buspirone

263
Q

Treatment for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

A

Cyclophophamide, Corticosteroids

264
Q

Treatment for heparin toxicity

A

Protamine sulfate

265
Q

Treatment for HER2/neu + breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

266
Q

Treatment for hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironalactone

267
Q

Treatment for hypercholesterolemia

A

Statins

268
Q

Treatment for hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrates

269
Q

Treatment for immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

270
Q

Treatment for infertility

A

Leuprolide (pulsatile, GnRH agonist) Clomiphene

271
Q

Treatment for influenza

A

Ramantadine, Oseltamivir

272
Q

Treatment for legionella pneumonia

A

Erythromycin

273
Q

Treatment for long term anticoagulation

A

Coumadin = Warfarin

274
Q

Treatment for malaria

A

Chloroquine/Mefloquine + Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

275
Q

Treatment for malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

276
Q

Treatment for medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

277
Q

Treatment for migraine

A

Sumatriptan

278
Q

Treatment for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

279
Q

Treatment for multiple sclerosis

A

INF-beta, immunosuppression, natalizumab (anti-alpha4-integrin)

280
Q

Treatment for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

A

Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

281
Q

Treatment for Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline for chlamydia)

282
Q

Treatment for Neisseria Meningitidis (active & prophylaxis)

A

Penicillin/Ceftriaxone, Rifampin (prophylaxis)

283
Q

Treatment for neural tube defect prevention

A

Folic Acid

284
Q

Treatment for osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D

285
Q

Treatment for Osteoporosis

A

Allendronate + Calcium + Vitamin D

286
Q

Treatment for patent ductus arteriosum

A

Indomethacin

287
Q

Treatment for pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible alpha antagonist)

288
Q

Treatment for pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

289
Q

Treatment for prolactinoma

A

Bromocriptine

290
Q

Treatment for prostate cancer or uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide (GnRH agonist, continuous)

291
Q

Treatment for prostate carcinoma

A

Flutamide

292
Q

Treatment for pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

(Ticarcillin or Piperacillin) + Aminoglycoside

293
Q

Treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (3 options)

A

Sildenafil, Bosantan, Epoprostenol

294
Q

Treatment for Rickettsia rickettsi

A

Doxycycline or Chloramphenicol

295
Q

Treatment for ringworm infections

A

Terbinafine, Griseofulvin, Imidazole

296
Q

Treatment for Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

Atypical antipsychotics (Olanzepine, Clonazepine, Quietapine, Ripseridone, Arepiprazole, Ziprasidone)

297
Q

Treatment for Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical Antipsychotics (Halaperidol, Fluphenazine, Trifluoperazine, Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine)

298
Q

Treatment for SIADH

A

Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonist

299
Q

Treatment for Sickle cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea

300
Q

Treatment for Sporothrix schenckii

A

Oral potassium iodine

301
Q

Treatment for stable angina

A

Sublingual Nitroglycerin

302
Q

Treatment for Staphylococcus Aureus

A

MSSA: Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin
MRSA: Vancomycin

303
Q

Treatment for Streptococcus Bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

304
Q

Treatment for Streptococcus Pnuemoniae

A

Penicillin or Cephalosporin for systemic infections. Vancomycin for meningitis.

305
Q

Prophylaxis for Streptococcus Pyogenes

A

Penicillin

306
Q

Treatment for temporal arteritis

A

High dose steroids

307
Q

Treatment for tonic-clonic seizures

A

Phenytoin, Valproate, Carbamazepine

308
Q

Treatment for Toxoplasma Gondii

A

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine

309
Q

Treatment for Treponema Pallidum

A

Penicillin G

310
Q

Treatment for Trichomonas Vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (+ treat partner)

311
Q

Treatment for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Carbamazepine

312
Q

Treatment for ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA=Mesalazine, infliximab, colectomy

313
Q

Prophylaxis for UTI

A

TMP-SMX

314
Q

Treatment for warfarin toxicity

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute) Vitamin K (chronic)

First Aid & Firecracker (7 decks)

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