First Aid Rapid Review Step 2 CK Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria
A
ACE inhibitor
2
Q
Beck triad for cardiac tamponade
A
Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD
3
Q
Drugs that slow heart rate
A
B-blockers, CCBs, digoxin, amiodarone
4
Q
Hypercholesterolemia tx that leads to flushing and pruritus
A
Niacin
5
Q
A systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with decreased preload (Valsalva maneuver)
A
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
6
Q
A diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched blowing murmur that is best heard sitting up; increases with increased afterload (handgrip maneuver)
A
Aortic insufficiency
7
Q
A systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck; increases with increased preload (squatting maneuver)
A
Aortic stenosis
8
Q
A holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla; increases with increased afterload (handgrip maneuver)
A
Mitral regurgitation
9
Q
A diastolic, mid-to late, low-pitched murmur preceded by an opening snap
A
Mitral stenosis
10
Q
An autoimmune reaction with fever, pericarditis, and increased ESR occuring 2-4 weeks post-MI
A
Dressler syndrome
11
Q
Classic ECG findings in pericarditis
A
Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation and PR depression
12
Q
Diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism
A
Spiral CT with contrast
13
Q
Reverses the effects of heparin
A
Protamine
14
Q
Most common cause of HTN in young women
A
OCPs
15
Q
Most common cause of HTN in young men
A
Excessive EtOH
16
Q
Water bottle-shaped heart
A
Pericardial effusion
17
Q
“Stuck on” waxy appearance
A
Seborrheic keratosis
18
Q
Red plaques with silverly-white scales and sharp margins
A
Psoriasis
19
Q
Most common type of skin cancer; lesion is a pearly-colored papule with a translucent surface and telangiectasias
A
Basal cell carcinoma
20
Q
Honey-crusted lesions
A
Impetigo
21
Q
+ Nikolsky sign
A
Pemphigus vulgaris
22
Q
- Nikolsky sign
A
Bullous pemphigoid
23
Q
A 55 y/o obese patient presents with dirty, velvety patches on the back of the neck
A
Acanthosis nigricans. Chest fasting blood glucose
24
Q
Dermatomal distribution
A
Varicella zoster
25
Flat-topped papules
Lichen planus
26
Irislike target lesions
Erythema multiforme
27
Presents with one large patch and many smaller ones in a treelike distribution
Pityriasis rosea
28
A premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can lead to squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis
29
Flat, often hypopigmented lesions on the chest and back; KOH prep has a spaghetti-and-meatballs appearance
Tinea (pityriasis) versicolor
30
Cradle cap
Seborrheic dermatitis
31
Inflammation and epithelial thinning of the anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women
Lichen sclerosus
32
Exophytic nodules on the skin with scaling or ulceration; the second most common type of skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
33
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto thyroiditis
34
Exopthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and decreased TSH
Graves disease
35
The most common cause of Cushing syndrome
Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration
36
A patient post-thyroidectomy presents with signs of hypocalcemia and increased phosphorous
Hypoparathyroidism (iatrogenic)
37
Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
38
HTN, hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis
Primary hyperaldosteronism (due to Conn syndrome or bilat adrenal hyperplasia)
39
A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, AMS, and a sense of panic
Pheochromocytoma
40
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma?
alpha-blockers (phenoxybenzamine)
41
A patient with a hx of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine
Nephrogenic DI
42
Tx of central DI
Administration of DDAVP and free-water restruction
43
A postop pt with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status
SIADH due to stress
44
An anti-diabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis
Metformin
45
A pt presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Lab results show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease). Treat with glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids
46
Bone pain, hearing loss, and increased alkaline phosphatase
Paget disease
47
Increased IGF-1
Acromegaly
48
Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopia
Prolactinoma
49
Increased serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency)
50
Pancreas, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
MEN 1
51
A patient presents with sudden onset of severe, diffuse abdominal pain. Exam reveals peritoneal signs, and abdominal radiograph reveals free air under the diaphragm. Management?
Emergent laparotomy to repair a perforated viscus
52
The most likely cause of acute lower GI bleeding in patients > 40 years of age
Diverticulosis
53
Diagnostic modality used when US is equivocal for cholecystitis
Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan
54
Inspiratory arrest during palpation of the RUQ
Murphy sign (seen in acute cholecystitis)
55
The most common cause of SBO in patients with no hx of abdominal surgery
Hernia
56
The most common cause of SBO in patients with a hx of abdominal surgery
Adhesions
57
Most common bacterial organism causing diarrhea
Campylobacter
58
Recent abx use causing diarrhea
C. difficile
59
Camping diarrhea
Giardia
60
Traveler's diarrhea
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
61
Church picnics/mayonnaise causing diarrhea
S> aureus
62
Uncooked hamburgers diarrhea
E. coli O157:H7
63
Fried rice diarrhea
B. cereus
64
Poultry/eggs diarrhea
Salmonella
65
Raw seafood diarrhea
Vibrio, HAV
66
AIDS diarrhea
Isospora, cryptosporidium, MAC
67
Pseudoappendicitis
Yersinia, campylobacter
68
A 25 y/o Jewish man presents with pain and watery diarrhea after meals. Exam shows fistulas between the bowel and skin and nodular lesions on his tibias
Crohn disease
69
Inflammatory disease of the colon with an increased risk pf colon cancer
Ulcerative colitis (greater risk than Crohn)
70
Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD
Uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, Primary sclerosing cholangitis
71
Medical tx for IBD
5-ASA agents and steroids during acute exacerbations
72
A 30 y/o man with UC presents with fatigue, jaundice and pruritus
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
73
Medical tx for hepatic encephalopathy
Decrease protein intake, lactulose, rifaximin
74
A 4 y/o presents with oliguria, petechiae, and jaundice following an illness with bloody diarrhea. Most likely diagnosis and cause?
HUS due to E coli O157:H7
75
Tx after exposure to Hep B
HBV immunoglobulin
76
Classic causes of drug-induced hepatitis
TB meds (INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide), acetaminophen, and tetracycline
77
A 40 y/o obese woman with elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated bilirubin, pruritus, dark urine, and clay colored stools
Biliary tract obstruction
78
Hernia with highest risk of incarceration
Femoral hernia
79
Severe abdominal pain out of proportion to the exam
Mesenteric ischemia
80
Diagnosis of ileus
Abdominal radiographs (could also use CT scan)
81
Anemia from chronic disease, occult blood loss, vague abdominal pain. What side is the colon cancer?
Right-sided
82
Obstructive symptoms, change in bowel movements. What side is the colon cancer
Left-sided: "apple-core" lesio
83
Presents with watery diarrhea, dehydration, muscle weakness, and flushing
VIPoma
84
Presents with palpable, nontender gallbladder
Courvoisier sign (suggests pancreatic cancer)
85
Four causes of microcytic anemia
Thalassemia, Iron deficiency, anemia of Chronic disease, and Sideroblastic anemia (TICS)
86
Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency
Sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans
87
The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability
Factor V Leiden mutation
88
The most common inherited bleeding disordered
von Willebrand disease
89
The most common inherited hemolytic anemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
90
Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis
Osmotic fragility test
91
Pure RBC aplasia
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
92
Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, café au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia
Fanconi anemia
93
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura pentad?
Fever, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal dysfunction, Neuro abnormalities (FAT RN)
94
An 8 y/o boy presents with hemarthrosis and increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time
Hemophilia A or B
95
A 14 y/o girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time
von Willebrand disease (treat with desmopressin, FFB or cryo)
96
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin lymphoma
97
A 10 y/o boy presents with fever, wt loss and night sweats. Exam shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Diagnosis?
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
98
An 80 y/o man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis; smudge cells
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
99
Auer rods on blood smear
Acute myelogenous leukemia
100
AML subtype associated with DIC. Treatment?
M3. Treat with retinoic acid
101
A 50 y/o man presents with early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9;22).
CML
102
Virus associated with aplastic anemia in pt's with sickle cell
Parvovirus B19
103
A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients. Treatment?
Iron overload. Tx with deferoxamine
