First Assessement Flashcards by Aldrian Andor

What are the three scopes of silviculture.

Establishment
Maintenance
Protection

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These are done after establishment.

Silvicultural Prescription

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Maintenance activities done in the forest.

Intermediate Treatments/Cutting

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This is done all throughout the planting and growing process.

Forest Protection

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Refers to planting stocks which came from vegetatibe means.

Stecklings

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Refers to planting stocks which came from seeds.

Seedlings

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A type of forest reproduction method wherein it originated from seeds as its basic unit of reproduction.

High Forest Reproduction Method

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A harvesting method wherein all trees are cut in one fell swoop.

Clearcutting

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A harvesting method wherein all trees are harvested except for those some which are used as sources of seeds.

Seed tree method

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Another term for plantation forestry.

Intensive Silvicultural System / Artificial forest regeneration

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A harvesting method that is spreadout throughout the rotation.

Shelterwood method

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A harvesting method that is done to dipterocarp forest and molave type.

Selection method

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This is the biological objective of harvesting trees.

To reproduce the forest

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A method of reproduction wherein trees are produced through vegetative means.

Low Forest Reproduction Method

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A kind of low forest reproduction method wherein stumps produced with standards.

Compound Coppice

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A kind of low forest reproduction method where wood produced stumps.

Pollarding

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3 types of sprouts

Stool shoots
basal sprouts
root sprouts

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3 Process of commercial forest management

Tree marking
Residual inventory
Timber stand improvement

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A type of artificial reproduction method where the germination of seeds occurs in the area of establishment.

Direct seeding

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A type of artificial reproduction method wherein germination occurs in the nursery.

Planting

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Give the three stages of natural succession.

Pioneer Stage
Gap Stage
Climax Stage

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It is the collection of genes within the forest stand.

Gene pool

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Refers to recreation of forest. Also known as forest reproduction or forest revegetation.

Reforestation

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Refers to the establishment of forest to an area where there no forest before.

Afforestation

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Implies immediate vegetation. Forest produces very different from the original. Objective is to bring back economic productivity of the land.

Forest Reclamation

Typical of Industrial Tree Plantation

Forest Reclamation

It is a long term process which is more concerned on biological objective.

Forest restoration

It brings back what was originally in the area.

Forest Restoration

Intermediate between reclamation and restoration. Production and protection are both its objectives.

Forest Rehabilitation

Meaning of MOMs

Mosaic of Mono species

Meaning of WIMP

Widely and Intimately mixed Plantation

It is the heart of silviculture.

Forest regeneration Methods

 All trees are cut and removed in a single cutting operation

• Clearcutting method

 There are trees retained that will serve as mother/seed trees for the next rotation period  Number of mother tree is within 20% of the rotation age resulting to even-aged in nature

• Seed tree method

 Series of reproduction cuttings

• Shelterwood method

open up forest canopy to filter sunlight to the forest floor for the germination of the seeds

i. Preliminary cutting

reinforce the seeds long stored in the soil and create vacant spaces on the ground where regeneration can set in

ii. Seed cuttings

free the upcoming regeneration from competition by large trees

iii. Removal cutting

 The conduct of reproduction cuttings extends all throughout the rotation period of the species

• Selection method

 Stumps are allowed to produce sprouts /coppice |  The most vigorous is retained and allowed to grow into mature trees

• Simple coppice

 Same with simple coppice, but are grown with standard trees  Appears to be two-layered forest with crowns and coppice in lower layer

• Coppice with standard/compound coppice

 A variant of either the simple and the compound coppice  The stumps are usually much higher  A practice to prevent grazing animals from feeding on the palatable sprouts

• Pollarding

* Use of nursery growing planting stocks | * Germination of the seeds take place in forest nurseries

a. Planting

• Seeds are sown on the area to be regenerated

b. Direct Seedling

• Set of prescriptions that are applied on a stand of trees from the time it is established up to the time when the same stand will be harvested

Silvicultural Systems

• Composed of regeneration method, the intermediate treatments and protection measures

Silvicultural Systems

means of hastening the process of succession

• Silvicultural prescription

• Immediate revegetation

Forest Reclamation

• Forest produced very different from the original

Forest Reclamation

• Objective is to bring back economic productivity of the land

Forest Reclamation

An essential industry which ensures that land are cultivated with trees to ensure continual wood flow that will meet increasing industry demands

Industrial Tree Plantations (ITP)

* Long term process | * Bringing back what was originally present

Forest Restoration

• Restoration of the same ecological systems, functions, and process

Forest Restoration

• Objective is biological in nature

Forest Restoration

• Intermediate between reclamation and restoration

Forest Rehabilitation

• Productive and protective functions/objectives combined

Forest Rehabilitation

* Rehabilitation should lead to restoration | * Bufferzones in protective areas (PA)

Forest Rehabilitation

* Widespread use of exotics | * Planted over large areas of land

• Exotic forestry

* Vast areas of land planted to a single species | * Plantation forestry

2. Use of monoculture

 A silvicultural system making repeated use of clones in production forestry

• Clonal forestry

Original plant from which member of clone descended

 Ortets

An individual member of clone

ramets

The set of treatments need to prescribed for growth of forest; the art and sciences of establishing, maintenance, and protection of the forest

silviculture

Foundation of silviculture

 Silvics

shortening the time to develop the mature stage (1/3)

Silviculture

producing monocrop species

Forest Reclamations

making use of native species; bring back ecosystems and species diversity

Forest Restoration

an example of agroforestry

Forest rehabilitation

highest slope of grwoth

Peak growth

The reaction on the action of site factors to the forest

Forest Influences

First Assessement Flashcards

(70 cards)