first block

Question 1

Answer 1

Australopithecus africanus

Question 2

What am I?

Answer 2

Australopithecus afarensis

Question 3

Answer 3

Chimpanzee

Question 4

Answer 4

Gorilla

Question 5

Answer 5

Homo erectus

Question 6

Answer 6

Homo ergaster

Question 7

Answer 7

Homo habillus

Question 8

Answer 8

Homo neandertalensis

Question 9

Answer 9

Parenthropus boisei

Question 10

far right

Answer 10

Homo sapien

Question 11

second from left

Answer 11

Orangutan

Question 12

second from left

Answer 12

Homo heidelbergensis

Question 13

How do we have DNA from extinct species?

Answer 13

Frozon carcasses

Question 14

Is 20% of the sequence of one gene enough information to create a reliable phylogenetic tree?

Answer 14

No. it can be close, but to get the most accurate the entire gene should be compared

Question 15

What features should you check for identifying skulls?

Answer 15

• crainial shape
• face shape,
• prognathism–jutted out jaw
• jaw build–thickness, chin, curvature
• teeth–tooth differentiation, prominence of canines, shape of molars

Question 16

What period are anthozoan from?

Answer 16

ordovician

Question 17

what period are brachiopods from?

Answer 17

ordovician and paleozoic

Question 18

what period are bryozoan from?

Answer 18

ordovician

Question 19

what period are cephalopods from?

Answer 19

ordovician

Question 20

what period are crinoid from?

Answer 20

ordovician

Question 21

what period are gastropods from?

Answer 21

ordovician

Question 22

what period are pelecypods from?

Answer 22

ordovician and paleozoic

Question 23

what period are trilobites from?

Answer 23

ordovician

Question 24

what period are stromatolite from?

Answer 24

pre-cambrian

Question 25

what period are ammomite from?

Answer 25

devonian and cretaceous

Question 26

what period is petrified wood from?

Answer 26

carboniferous

Question 27

what period are early teleost fish from?

Answer 27

focene

Question 28

Answer 28

ammomite

Question 29

Answer 29

anthozoan

Question 30

Answer 30

Brachiopod

Question 31

Answer 31

bryozoan

Question 32

Answer 32

cephalopod

Question 33

Answer 33

crinoid

Question 34

Answer 34

gastropod

Question 35

Answer 35

pelecypod

Question 36

Answer 36

petrified wood

Question 37

Answer 37

stromatolite

Question 38

Answer 38

teleost early fish

Question 39

Answer 39

trilobite

Question 40

features of early australopiths

Answer 40

* Small cranium compared to the size of the face and skull * Small, spherical cranium * Flat, broad dish-shaped face * Pronounced **prognathism** – noticeably protruding (jutting) maxilla and jaw * Prominent supraorbital (brow) ridges * Large, thick teeth

Question 41

features of later Australopiths

Answer 41

* Small cranium compared to the size of the face and skull * Small, spherical cranium * Flat, dish-shaped face * Pronounced prognathism – noticeably protruding (jutting) maxilla and jaw * Prominent **supraorbital (brow) ridges** * Large, thick teeth * Massive skull and jaw in *P*. *boisei* * Prominent **epicranial ridge** (on top of the skull) in *P*. *boisei*

Question 42

features of early homo

Answer 42

* Increased cranium size compared to the size of the face and skull * Larger, low, oval-shaped cranium * Narrowed, slightly protruding face * Small, shallow forehead * Reduced prognathism – Slightly protruding maxilla and jaw * Distinct, but reduced supraorbital (brow) ridges * Smaller, less heavily-enamelled teeth

Question 43

features of later homo

Answer 43

* Large cranium size compared to the size of the face and skull * Larger, oval-shaped cranium * Narrowed, slightly protruding face * Distinct, high, domed forehead * Slightly protruding maxilla and jaw (less protruding than in early *Homo*) * Slight supraorbital (brow) ridges (more protruding in *H*. *neanderthalensis*) * Small molars, reduced canine teeth

Question 44

How small (low) does the p-value have to be to represent a statistically-significant difference?

Answer 44

level of significance is α = 0.05.

Question 45

which slide of stem cross sections have the vascular bundles around the outside in a circle?

Answer 45

dicot

Question 46

order of secondary growth, inside out

Answer 46

* vascular cambium * new phloem/new xylem * older phloem * cork cambium * cork

Question 47

what part of a dicot is visible first?

Answer 47

hypocotyl

Question 48

radicle

Answer 48

embryonic root

Question 49

hypocotyl and epicotyl

Answer 49

stem

Question 50

female part of liverwort

Answer 50

archegonium--umbrella

Question 51

male part of liverwort

Answer 51

antheridia--flat thing

Question 52

small cupped shape structures on liverwort

Answer 52

gemma cups