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biology lab > first block > Flashcards

first block Flashcards

1
Q
A

Australopithecus africanus

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2
Q

What am I?

A

Australopithecus afarensis

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3
Q
A

Chimpanzee

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4
Q
A

Gorilla

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5
Q
A

Homo erectus

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6
Q
A

Homo ergaster

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7
Q
A

Homo habillus

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8
Q
A

Homo neandertalensis

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9
Q
A

Parenthropus boisei

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10
Q

far right

A

Homo sapien

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11
Q

second from left

A

Orangutan

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12
Q

second from left

A

Homo heidelbergensis

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13
Q

How do we have DNA from extinct species?

A

Frozon carcasses

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14
Q

Is 20% of the sequence of one gene enough information to create a reliable phylogenetic tree?

A

No. it can be close, but to get the most accurate the entire gene should be compared

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15
Q

What features should you check for identifying skulls?

A
  • crainial shape
  • face shape,
  • prognathism–jutted out jaw
  • jaw build–thickness, chin, curvature
  • teeth–tooth differentiation, prominence of canines, shape of molars
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16
Q

What period are anthozoan from?

A

ordovician

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17
Q

what period are brachiopods from?

A

ordovician and paleozoic

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18
Q

what period are bryozoan from?

A

ordovician

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19
Q

what period are cephalopods from?

A

ordovician

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20
Q

what period are crinoid from?

A

ordovician

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21
Q

what period are gastropods from?

A

ordovician

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22
Q

what period are pelecypods from?

A

ordovician and paleozoic

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23
Q

what period are trilobites from?

A

ordovician

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24
Q

what period are stromatolite from?

A

pre-cambrian

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25
Q

what period are ammomite from?

A

devonian and cretaceous

26
Q

what period is petrified wood from?

A

carboniferous

27
Q

what period are early teleost fish from?

A

focene

28
Q
A

ammomite

29
Q
A

anthozoan

30
Q
A

Brachiopod

31
Q
A

bryozoan

32
Q
A

cephalopod

33
Q
A

crinoid

34
Q
A

gastropod

35
Q
A

pelecypod

36
Q
A

petrified wood

37
Q
A

stromatolite

38
Q
A

teleost early fish

39
Q
A

trilobite

40
Q

features of early australopiths

A
  • Small cranium compared to the size of the face and skull
  • Small, spherical cranium
  • Flat, broad dish-shaped face
  • Pronounced prognathism – noticeably protruding (jutting) maxilla and jaw
  • Prominent supraorbital (brow) ridges
  • Large, thick teeth
41
Q

features of later Australopiths

A
  • Small cranium compared to the size of the face and skull
  • Small, spherical cranium
  • Flat, dish-shaped face
  • Pronounced prognathism – noticeably protruding (jutting) maxilla and jaw
  • Prominent supraorbital (brow) ridges
  • Large, thick teeth
  • Massive skull and jaw in P. boisei
  • Prominent epicranial ridge (on top of the skull) in P. boisei
42
Q

features of early homo

A
  • Increased cranium size compared to the size of the face and skull
  • Larger, low, oval-shaped cranium
  • Narrowed, slightly protruding face
  • Small, shallow forehead
  • Reduced prognathism – Slightly protruding maxilla and jaw
  • Distinct, but reduced supraorbital (brow) ridges
  • Smaller, less heavily-enamelled teeth
43
Q

features of later homo

A
  • Large cranium size compared to the size of the face and skull
  • Larger, oval-shaped cranium
  • Narrowed, slightly protruding face
  • Distinct, high, domed forehead
  • Slightly protruding maxilla and jaw (less protruding than in early Homo)
  • Slight supraorbital (brow) ridges (more protruding in H. neanderthalensis)
  • Small molars, reduced canine teeth
44
Q

How small (low) does the p-value have to be to represent a statistically-significant difference?

A

level of significance is α = 0.05.

45
Q

which slide of stem cross sections have the vascular bundles around the outside in a circle?

A

dicot

46
Q

order of secondary growth, inside out

A
  • vascular cambium
  • new phloem/new xylem
  • older phloem
  • cork cambium
  • cork
47
Q

what part of a dicot is visible first?

A

hypocotyl

48
Q

radicle

A

embryonic root

49
Q

hypocotyl and epicotyl

A

stem

50
Q

female part of liverwort

A

archegonium–umbrella

51
Q

male part of liverwort

A

antheridia–flat thing

52
Q

small cupped shape structures on liverwort

A

gemma cups

53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
A
59
Q
A
60
Q
A
61
Q
A

biology lab (2 decks)

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