first bullet point

Question 1

Reasons for settling in Australia

Answer 1

Loss of america meant convicta needed new transportation location. cook claimed it to be vast, fertile land. banks botanist spoke of growing flax for sail making, reports of Norfolk Island, pine trees and flax
fitting out the fleet was 84,000- preventing french claim.

Question 2

Preparations for journey Phillip first fleet

Answer 2

Death rate of only 3%. Phillip insisted 6 months

Question 3

Establishing a 2nd colony at Norfolk island

Answer 3

Botany bay lacked a fresh water supply and soil unsuitable for cultivation. Decided in 1790 to send 183 convicts, habitat of mutton bird until eaten. Also meant rations in sydney cove had enough. Only one convict ever dides due to starvation, no convict willing to help him.

Question 4

Phillip control of rations

Answer 4

rations had to be shared, no riots, labour time reduced

Question 5

Relocation to better farmland first fleet phillip

Answer 5

Settled colony 16 miles from Sydney cove in Paramatta, rose hill. 1791 Ruse first grant able to grow wheat and other crops successfully.

Question 6

2nd fleet

Answer 6

Lady Juliana 1790 222 female convicts, others poor conditions entrusted to a private firm rather than officer.

Question 7

Successes for colony due to 2nd fleet

Answer 7

brought vital supplies of livestock and crops on the store ship the Justinian. Phillip dispatched the Atlantic of the third fleet to calcutta to buy rice for the colony by time of retirement in 1792 even norfolk island had over a 1000

Question 8

Poor conditionsbof settlement at first

Answer 8

Within 6 months live stock eaten or disappeared, no plough available to till the soul , traded w aboriginals. unskilled convicts

Question 9

Rum years

Answer 9

1792-1809 new south wales corps b4 macquarie

Question 10

Macquarie

Answer 10

Majority of nsw corps sent to garrison duty isle of guernsey , dismantled them. limited power of exclusives aligned w emanicipists. wiliam redfern delivered wifes baby. Cohabitation prohibited without benefit of clergy, better for possible female inheritors elizabeth macarrthur wool. traffic inspirits reduced

Question 11

Land grants under Macquarie

Answer 11

Founded 5 towns in Hawkesbury region 1810-1811(fertile mouth of estuary oysters+ transport of good best by water) 1816 punitive party against Aborigines, 14 killed. Exclusives resented him wanted more land for themselves.

Question 12

Growth of macquarie towns

Answer 12

re invested money (self sufficient colony) back into infrastructure built roads schools barracks and churches, Frances Greenway ex convict architect(special) developed along castleragh richmond windsor pitt town and wilberforce in 18–11. Centre of sydney hospital employment and income for exclusives amd emancipists alike during depressions.

Question 13

Road over blue mountains

Answer 13

Opened up the grazing plains , boost development of wool industry in 1820s

Question 14

Aboriginals and view of them

Answer 14

Survival based on hunting rather than cultivation, technologically lacking. Captain Cook Terra Nullis.

Question 15

initial aboriginal/ Australian encounters

Answer 15

some friendly meetings although incomprehension. stealing between culminated in violence 1788 two convicts murdered and mangled. Phillip flogging misinterpretation.

Question 16

Smallpox on aboriginal population

Answer 16

wiped out 50% speculation: biological warfare, makassan sailors, accidental transmission, virulent form of chickenpox

Question 17

Violence against aboriginals

Answer 17

Phillip regued to order reprisals when he was injured by a spear thrown by an aborigine. but punitive expeditions in 1790 in response to attacks, macquarie did the same.

Question 18

Aborigines in Van Diemens Land (tasmania)

Answer 18

Black war: veneral disease/viruses brought by whalers and then settlers. Make way for farms to produce wool, hunted starved and poisoned until wiped out. Governor Arthur martial law due to resistance, 1828 settle them in settled districts. Kangaroo hunting guns settlers.

Question 19

Tasmania sheep

Answer 19

Settlers in 1804, merino sheep in 1821, by 1827 nearly 440,000 retaliatory raids as food supples destroyed by settlers- governor arthur aborigines restricted to north east corner, couldnt read- settle. 1876 last tasmanian aborigine person died.

Question 20

Reasons for penal settlement in Van Diemens Land

Answer 20

1803, port risdon/ hobart chosen bc of its strategic value y bc tasmania kdy area for whaling

Question 21

Nature of penal settlement in van diemens land

Answer 21

1803 under governorship of arthur (23-27) divided into police districts, withholiding of assigned labour was control. convicts had to work thru 7 levels of punishment b4 freedom. Those who committed acts like standing convicts a drink were warned and red listed

Question 22

development of whaling and sealing

Answer 22

exports of whalebone, whale oil and seal skins enabled colony to buy the goods needed for new colony and rum lol. 1805 robert campbell 260 tons of oil from rendered seal skins. Trade could be plied from small open bottom dories, cheap eazi.

Question 23

Exports of wool by 1830

Answer 23

2 million

Question 24

Agriculture 1805

Answer 24

Colony grew enough grain to feed itself

Question 25

In 18… Australian … Company

Answer 25

1824 Australian Agriculture Company, one million acres. Ran from port stephens to the manning river.

Question 26

1818 blue mountains

Answer 26

Discovered the Liverpool plains and 1819 discovered more. rich fertile land

Question 27

First british settlements in Western Australia initially

Answer 27

prevent french, provide useful trading link with india- captain james stirling enthusiast. 1826 small militancy outpost in King George Sound. 1829 arrived at swan lake. Famine, by 1832 only 1500 colonists.

Question 28

Bigges report

Answer 28

Convict labour should be primarily to sheep farms rather than public works programme. no more land grants for emancipists and early tickets of leave. positions of responsibility should not be given to emancipists

Question 29

New South Wales Act

Answer 29

1823. established legislative council. Justice system independent of governor, supreme court establsihed with chief justice. Van diemens land separate colony with own council etc.

Question 30

Colonial control by 1829

Answer 30

More frequent communication w London, requirement to consult the free citizens. Exclusives due to connections in london and influence in legislative councils. the Australian agriculture company 24 van diemens land company 25 swan river 29 demonstrate imperialism