first crusade 1096-99 Flashcards
(28 cards)
what are the five main reasons that contirbuted to the success of the first crusade
-motivation
-leadership and tactics
-relationships with the byzantines
-muslim disunity
-luck
How did motivations contiribute to the success of the 1 crusade
Mixed motivations- land,power, religion
meant that crusaders were v dedicated to the cause, increasing strength
How did leadership and tactics contribute to success of 1 crusade
crusaders were armoured knights and were very effective , the tactics caused confusion to the muslims- Antioch and Ascalon
Which of the leaders of the first crusade had religion as a possible motive
-Stepehen count of Blois, was the son in law of William conq- was deeeply religious
-Raymound count of Toulouse , deeply religious and a close friend of Pope urban 11
-Hugh count of vermandois-get back in papal good books
- Godfrey of Boullion- devout christain
-Adehmar
what leaders had wealth and land as a possible motive
Robert 11 count of flaunders
Bohemund
Which leaders had ‘‘other’’ possible motivations and what where they
Robert D of Normany- wanted his brother out of the way
Robert 11 of Flaunders- personal connections to constaninople
Bohemund- landless son of Norman lord
who led the peoples crusade in 1096
peter the hermit
why did the peoples crusade fail
-lack of resources and food
- unskilled army
-poorley armed
what happened summer 1096- aug and sept
- alexius was disturebed by the acyions of the ‘crusaders’ and transported them to asia minor to wait for the popes army
-some tried to invade Nicea ehich was ruled by seljuks so they were captured and forcibly converted to islam
What happened on the 21st oc 1096
seljuks attacked and destroyed christian camps at Kibotots, all that were there were massacred, women and children
Summary of the peoples crusade- simplified
a lot of regular people, led by Peter the Hermit, decided they wanted to take back the city of Jerusalem. They didn’t have much experience or weapons, just strong belief and a big desire to help. They didn’t have enough food, and they didn’t have the right plans, so many of them ended up getting hurt or captured by seljuks.
What did the peoples crusade higlight
-a need for strong leadership
-the need for logistical planning, support and supplies
-it was imperititive to gain a coopertaive relationship with the byzantines
-situational intelligence and
-not allowing religious ferour to be a distrcation
-dont underestimate the enemy
Who tradiitonally went on the princes crusade?
-strong supporters of church reform or pope gregory
-youunger sons
What was a charter?
An agreement made that lords and knights made before going on their crusade for exmaple morgaging property, purchasing weapons or horses
when did the forces actually depart- peoples crusade- and what were pope urbans instructions
aug-oct 1096, pope urban instructed them to gather in constaninople under the rule of Alexius
when did Malik shah become sultan and when did he die?
1072 he became sultan
1092 he died
Why did thedeath of Malik shah cause chaos in the muslim world?
it became an argument over who should rule what lands, local warloads asserted themselves, religious divisions worsened
What were the religious divisions in the muslim world? 1097
seljuks and abbasids( sunni muslims) v Fatmids(Shi’ah)
What were the aims of pope urban II during the lead up to the first crusade
- encourage holy war
-offer spiritual rewards (pilgramges)
-development of a just war
-Channel the violent energy of the european knights into something purposeful
What was the appeal made by Alexius in 1095?
- to Pope Urabn requesting millitary aid to defend the Byzantine empire
How was Alexius succesul
and unsuccessfulin his appeal
Urban encouraged western knights to assist- millitarty strength
crusaders= logistical difficulties and tensions
What were the religious divisions in the muslim world in the lead up to the first crusade(4)
- sunni and shiah divisions
- no single voice to unify muslims
-Fatmid wanted to extend their power - death of Malki Shah= dispute over who should control muslim lands
How did Alexius I contribute to the success of the first crusade (4)
- He knew how to win western support
- He helped ease tensions between E+W
-recapture of Anatolia
-Recapture of Nicea
