First ecam Flashcards
(24 cards)
What does corrections/correctional supervision involve?
Systems of control, facilities, supervising personnel, and decisions about control
Includes jails, prisons, reformation programs, probation, parole, house arrest, etc.
What is social control?
Examples include patriarchy, feminism, and non-physical societal norms
Influences include stop signs, road lines, and interactions with friends and family.
What types of crimes are women most likely to be incarcerated for?
Drug crimes and property crimes (non-violent offenses)
Important to note in understanding gender differences in crime.
What was the historical progression of punishment?
Physical torture, public humiliation, then incarceration
Incarceration became the primary form of punishment involving pains of imprisonment.
What are the differences in punishment for white and Black women?
White women were sent to reformatories; Black women to penitentiaries
Reflects different social standards and perceptions of redeemability.
What are the gender differences in punishment?
Women are punished for deviating from ‘the cult of true womanhood’
They are viewed as doubly deviant, both societally and institutionally.
What are the pains of imprisonment?
Loss of liberty, desirable goods and services, autonomy, security, heterosexual relationships
These experiences may vary based on gender.
Why is it important for women to be housed separately from men in institutions?
Differences in needs such as space, health, and trauma requirements
What does intersectionality refer to?
How race, class, gender, and other characteristics intersect and overlap
What is feminism?
A socio-political movement for social, economic, and political equality among all genders
What is patriarchy?
A social system where men hold disproportionate power in social, economic, and political realms
What is the relationship between social structure and human agency?
Social structures can limit choices for certain groups due to lack of resources
What is victimology?
The study of crime victims and victimization, examining fear of crime and social consequences
What is the relationship between crime trends and fear of crime?
Fear of crime remains high despite a decrease in crime rates since 1993
Why may individuals be afraid of crime?
Media influence, lack of personal experience, unique fears for women, gender socialization
What percentage of crime victims report their experiences?
Only about ½ of crime victims report their experiences
What is victim blaming?
The tendency for survivors to blame themselves or excuse the perpetrator
This perpetuates inaccurate views of sexual assault in society.
What is a symbolic assailant?
The stereotype of an unknown attacker, often misleading as most assaults are by known individuals
What is sexual assault as an umbrella term?
Includes unwanted sexual touching, attempted or completed rape, and forced sexual acts
What defines rape in the updated definition?
Penetration of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration without consent
What is secondary victimization?
Being retraumatized by the system after a crime is reported
What are rape shield laws?
Laws that prevent the use of a victim’s sexual history in trial proceedings
What is the most important action if someone reports sexual assault to you?
Believe them!
What is the feminist pathways perspective?
Examines life history and its relation to pathways leading to crime and incarceration
