Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 1010 > First Exam > Flashcards

First Exam Flashcards

(90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

hierarchy

A

The organization of biological structures, from simplest to most complex (e.g., atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, etc.).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

atom

A

The smallest unit of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Molecule

A

A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Macromolecule

A

A large molecule made up of smaller subunits, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organelle

A

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions (e.g., nucleus, mitochondria).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell

A

The smallest unit of life that can function independently, consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tissue

A

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Organ

A

A structure made up of tissues that work together to carry out specific functions (e.g., heart, lungs).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Community

A

All populations of different species that live and interact within the same area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ecosystem

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The global sum of all ecosystems, the zone of life on Earth.

A

Biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a 1:2:1 ratio. Primary function is to provide energy (e.g., sugars, starches).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Proteins

A

Large biomolecules made of amino acids that perform various functions such as catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, and transporting molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lipids

A

Hydrophobic molecules, including fats, oils, and phospholipids, that are crucial for energy storage and making up cell membranes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Macromolecules (DNA and RNA) made of nucleotide chains that store and transfer genetic information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. They form the basis of most organic molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

List of Functional Groups

A

Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, Phosphate, Methyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Functional Group

A

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for certain chemical reactions and properties of the molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Isomer

A

same molecular formula but different structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

stereoisomer

A

same molecular formula but differ in spatial arrangement and orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

enantiomer

A

molecules are mirror images of each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Macromolecule

A

Large, complex molecules, usually composed of thousands of atoms, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Monomer
A small molecule that can bind to other similar molecules to form a polymer.
26
Multimer
A complex formed by multiple monomers or subunits.
27
Polymer
A large molecule made up of repeating subunits (monomers), such as proteins or plastics.
28
Polymerization
A chemical process that combines small molecules (monomers) to form a polymer.
29
method of research with defined steps that include experimentation, careful observation and analysis of results
scientific method
30
suggested explanation for an event that one can test
hypothesis
31
tested and confirmed explanation for observations
theory
32
all fields of science concerned with processes of the physical world
natural science
33
study of living things and include biology
life sciences
34
study of nonliving matter and include astronomy, geology, physics and chemistry
physical sciences
35
uses a series of related observation to arrive at a general conclusion
inductive reasoning
36
basic science
expand knowledge regardless of short-term application
37
applied science
aims to use science to solve real world problems
38
name the properties of life
order, reproduction, growth and development, homeostasis, energy processing, adaptation, evolution
39
change in characteristics and genetic makeup of pop over time
evolution
40
unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down easily
elements
41
isotopes
2 or more forms of the same element that contain an equal number of protons but different number of neurons
42
cation
positive charge ion
43
anion
negative charge ion
44
ionic bond
form between ions with opposite charges
45
covalent bond
sharing electrons between atoms
46
polar covalent bond
unequal distribution between atoms
47
electronegativity
tendency of an atom to attract electrons
48
nonpolar covalent bond
shared electrons equally distributed
49
hydrogen bond
bonds that form between positive charged hydrogen on one polar molecule and a negatively charged atom on another
50
van der Waals interactions
adjacent atoms come close enough that their outer electron clouds just barely touch
51
cohesion
molecules attracted to each other
52
adhesion
water molecules stick to another surface
53
surface tension
capacity of a substance to withstand rupturing when placed under tension
54
hydrocarbon
organic molecules consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen. Ex- methane. very stable and non-polar
55
monosaccharide
one simple sugar. ex-glucose
56
dissacharides
two monosaccharides undergo dehydration to stick together
57
polysacchride
long chain of monosaccharide
58
further from nucleous, more _____
energy
59
more energy= more likely to be
unstable
60
more unstable=
more likely to want to form bonds
61
intermolecular
molecules interacting with each other
62
intramolecular
bonds that hold molecular structure together
63
pH equation
-log[H+]
64
more H+ less OH- solution is what
acidic
65
H+=OH-
neutral
66
H+ less OH- more
basic
67
buffer system
protective measures, resist changes in pH, goal: minimize changes in pH, release H+ when system too basic, releases OH- when system too acidic. ex- bicarbonate
68
Hydropathy
The degree to which a substance interacts with water, often used in reference to proteins. Example: Hydropathic index values predict whether amino acids are hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
69
hydrogen bonding network
A network of hydrogen bonds that forms between molecules, especially in water.
70
aqueous
a solution in which the solvent is water
71
partial charge
A small electrical charge that is less than that of a full proton or electron charge, often found in polar molecules.
72
polarity
A property of a molecule with oppositely charged ends (positive and negative).
73
functional groups provide _____________ and that determines _____________
chemical functionality and determines what the molecule does
74
bonds based on strength
ionic covalent hydrogen hydrophobic van der waals
75
can pH change net charge? why is that imp?
yes, and net charge can influence behavior
76
carbohydrate mono and poly
Monomer: Monosaccharide (simple sugar) Polymer: Polysaccharide Function: Provide energy and structural support in cells.
77
protein mono and poly
Monomer: Amino acid Polymer: polypeptide, enzyme, protein Function: Catalyze biochemical reactions, provide structure, transport molecules, etc.
78
lipids mono and poly
Monomer: Fatty acids and glycerol Polymer: Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids Function: Store energy, provide insulation, form cell membranes.
79
nucleic acids mono and poly
Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: Nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) Function: Store and transmit genetic information.
80
electron orbital
how electrons are spatially distributed surrounding the nucleus; the area where we are most likely to find an electron
81
electron transfer
movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creating ionic bonds
82
matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
83
neutron
uncharged particle that resides in an atom's nucleus; has a mass of one unified atomic mass unit (u)
84
valence shell
outermost shell of an atom
85
calorie
amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree celsius
86
specific heat capacity
the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius
87
why is water an excellent solvent?
it is polar so other polar substances can dissolve in it
88
What property of carbon makes it essential for organic life?
incomplete outermost electron shell
89
how can a molecule be organic?
needs to have carbon
90
Which functional group makes macromolecules hydrophobic?
methyl

Biology 1010 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions