First exam

Question 1

what are some differences between exercise and sports psychology

Answer 1

Exercise Psych:

1. its for the non elite individuals
2. non competitive motives
3. focuses on the participation

Sport Psychology

1. for the elite performers
2. competitive
3. focuses on performance

Question 2

why do we study sport psych

Answer 2

to understand the psychological antecedents of exercise behavior

1. adoption
2. adherence
3. noncompliance

and to understand the consequences

Question 3

what percentage of the adult population are physically active

Answer 3

less than 5% :(

Question 4

how many of the objectives were met even with the governments help?

Answer 4

only 1 out of 13

Question 5

what are some of the many reasons to exercise

Answer 5

appearance
social relation
emotional health
self esteem
health

Question 6

what are some of the many barriers that people use

Answer 6

1. convenience
2. availability
3. lack of time
4. environmental factors
5. physical limitations

Question 7

what percentage of people dont exercise at all

Answer 7

25%

Question 8

what percentage of people start a weight loss program fail within the first week

Answer 8

54%

Question 9

what is the prominent barrier for people who fail to be physically active

Answer 9

they think it means running and cycling and being intense

Question 10

what is the relationship between education level and physically activity

Answer 10

1. higher the education, the more likely someone is to exercise

Question 11

what is 16% of deaths related to

Answer 11

physical inactivity along with poor diet

Question 12

how many kids what 4+ hours watching tv per day

Answer 12

1 in 4

Question 13

relationship between physically active kids and adults

Answer 13

even if a child is very active, that does not predict if they will be active as an adult

Question 14

how many people are diagnosed with a mental disorder

Answer 14

1 in 5

Question 15

who came up with the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior and what was it originally designed for

Answer 15

Fishbein and Ajzen

designed to predict voting behavior

Question 16

explain the Theory of Reasoned Action

Answer 16

it is a social cognitive theory

two main categories: Behavioral Beliefs and Normative Beliefs

within the behavioral beliefs the person has an attitude about the behavior, so do they think that this behavior is worthwhile, do they think it matters

within the normative beliefs, the person is affected by the people around them, so are their friends doing this behavior too, what are their expectations for this person, social pressure

both of these together lead to the intention and then behavior

Time is a major contributor to this theory, the longer the time between the intention and the behavior, the less likely the person is to complete this

Question 17

explain the theory of planned behavior

Answer 17

theory of planned behavior has all the same concepts as theory of reasoned action, expect it has one more category added on to it
1. the added category is that of choice

if people believe that have the option of choice, they feel more successful, like if you feel you have control over this choice you are more likely to exercise

Question 18

what is the expectancy value theory

Answer 18

Expectancy Value theory is a simple one w

1. if you have high expectancy but low value you will fail
2. low expectancy and low value, you will fail
3. if you have high expectancy and high value, you will SUCCEED
4. if you have low expectancy but high value, you will fail

you MUST have both high expectancy and high value in order to succeed in a task

Question 19

Self Efficacy Theory: who invented it and what was it intended for

Answer 19

Albert Bandura

1. Purpose was to describe how individuals form perceptions about their ability to engage in a specific behavior

Question 20

what 4 things makeup the self efficacy theory in order

Answer 20

1. past performance
2. vicarious experiences
3. social persuasion
4. physiological and affective states

Question 21

What is the self efficacy theory

Answer 21

it is basically how the individual feels about the intended exercise and if they will be able to succeed

for instance, if a person feels accomplished about running flat courses (high self efficacy) but has to now run a hilly course, they will most likely have low self efficacy and not believe in themselves

The most influential part of self efficacy theory is a persons past performance

Question 22

who designed the Self determination Theory and what was it designed for

Answer 22

Richard M Ryan and Edward L Deci

designed to better explain affective, cognitive and behavioral responses

Question 23

what are the 3 things that all individuals possess with regards to the self determination theory

Answer 23

1. self determination
2. a need to demonstrate competence (experience mastery)
3. a need for social interactions

Question 24

what are the 3 main categories within the self determination theory

Answer 24

1. intrinsic motivation ( pleasure, satisfaction, comes from within)
2. extrinsic motivation ( outside sources)
3. Amotivation (no motivation whatsoever0

Question 25

what are the 4 parts within the extrinsic motivation with regards to the self determination theory

Answer 25

1. integrated regulation (confirming sense of self) 2. Identified regulation (achieving personal goals) 3. Introjected regulation ( sense of obligation) 4 external regulation ( gain reward, avoid punishment)

Question 26

what are the 3 levels of the self determination theory

Answer 26

1. Global motivation (degree of motivation normally experienced by an individual across most behavioral domains) (school, work, exercise) 2. Contextual motivation ( relatively stable pattern of motivation experienced in a particular context) ( a person could be highly motivated to do one thing, but not motivated to do another) 3. Situational Motivation ( motivation experienced in a particular activity at a specific point in time) ( a person could be motivated today to work out but not motivated tomorrow)

Question 27

Basic principle of the fun theory

Answer 27

if something is fun or enjoyable, that person is more likely to participate in that particular activity

Question 28

what is the self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 28

if you believe you can or cant do something, thats what the outcome will be