First Exam Material

Question 1

Prenatal period

age

Answer 1

conception to birth

Question 2

Infancy

age

Answer 2

Birth to 2 yrs.

Question 3

Early childhood

Answer 3

2-5 yrs

Question 4

Middle to late childhood

Answer 4

6-11 years

Question 5

Adolescence

Answer 5

10-12 to 18 years

Question 6

Early adulthood

Answer 6

20s and 30s

Question 7

Middle adulthood

Answer 7

40s and 50s

Question 8

Late adulthood

Answer 8

60s til end of life

Question 9

Moro reflex

Answer 9

reflex where baby throws arms wide as if to grab hold of someone when startled

Question 10

Babinski reflex

Answer 10

reflex when bottom of foot is stroked where toes fan out (instead of curl)

Question 11

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 11

birth to 2 years (infancy)

• develops object permanence
• symbolization (using mental symbols and words)
• learning thru sensations and motor movements

Question 12

Preoperational stage

Answer 12

2-7 years (early childhood)

• increasing use of language
• no sense of cause and effect
• egocentric–can’t see another’s point of view
• phenomenalistic causality–events that occur together cause one another
• animalistic? ascribes life quality to inanimate objects

Question 13

Concrete Operational stage

Answer 13

7-11 years (mid/late childhood)

• act on real, concrete objects and events
• conservation (same volume of water in dif vessels)
• reversibility (ice to water and back)
• can see things from other’s perspectives
• follows rules
• classify and reason

Question 14

Formal Operations

Answer 14

11-18 (adolescence)

• think abstractly
• deductive reasoning

Question 15

Kohlberg’s

Preconventional morality

Answer 15

avoid punishment at all costs

Question 16

Kohlberg’s

Conventional morality

Answer 16

guided by internalized moral standards of adults in their life

Question 17

Kohlberg’s

Postconventional morality

Answer 17

individual judgement is based on self-chosen principles and moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice

Question 18

Freud’s Oral stage

Answer 18

up to 18 mos.

Question 19

Freud’s anal stage

Answer 19

1-3 yrs.

Question 20

Freud’s phallic stage

Answer 20

3-5 yrs.

Question 21

Freud’s latency stage

Answer 21

5-13 yrs.

Question 22

Freud’s Genital stage

Answer 22

11 yrs to young adulthood

Question 23

Erickson’s

Adolescent development

Answer 23

Tasks: 
identity, self-esteem
moral code
autonomy, independence
vocation

Biggest probs: substance use, pregnancy, violence, sexual behavior/TDs, suicide (3rd leading cause of death)

Question 24

Erickson’s

Adult Development

Answer 24

Tasks:

Question 25

2 mos. milestones

Answer 25

``` smile at people calm themself (i.e. hand to mouth) watches things as they move coos/gurgles turns heads toward sounds ``` can hold head up start to push up from tummy

Question 26

6 mos. milestones

Answer 26

``` knows familiar faces, begins to recognize stranger plays with others look at self in mirror responds to other people's emotions responds to name ``` rolls over sit without support stands

Question 27

1 yr milestones

Answer 27

``` shy or nervous around strangers cries when parent leaves responds to simple requests single words (mama) simple gestures (wave) sitting position without help cruising (walks holding onto stuff) ```

Question 28

Erickson's Epigenetic Principle | Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 28

stage 1 who can you trust to fulfill needs? too trustworthy? Establish: Hope

Question 29

Erickson's Epigenetic Principle | Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer 29

stage 2 toilet training dependence or independence Establish: Will

Question 30

Erickson's Epigenetic Principle | Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 30

stage 3 - preschool yrs asking why, collaborating w friends, guilt at misbehavior Establish: Purpose

Question 31

Erickson's Epigenetic Principle | Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 31

stage 4 - 5 to 12 years new skills, relationships. failure = feeling inferior Establish: Competency

Question 32

Erickson's Epigenetic Principle | Identity vs. Identity Confusion

Answer 32

stage 5- 12 to 18 yrs establishing identity, where you fit in, goals, purpose in life Establish: Fidelity

Question 33

Erickson's Epigenetic Principle | Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 33

stage 6- 20 to 40 yrs develop a relationship goals with partner failure=isolation Establish: Love

Question 34

Erickson's Epigenetic Principle | Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer 34

stage 7- help others, guide next generation failure=self-centered and stagnate Establish: Care

Question 35

Erickson's Epigenetic Principle | Integrity vs. Despair

Answer 35

stage 8- how you look back on your life, accept it failure: despair about missed opportunities

Question 36

Repression | primary ego defense mechanism

Answer 36

INTERNAL unacceptable desires or impulse are excluded from the conscious part of our minds

Question 37

Suppression

Answer 37

conscious and controllable deferral of undesirable thoughts

Question 38

Projection

Answer 38

attributing your own personal unacceptable thoughts, impulses, or feelings to another person i.e. paranoia, auditory hallucinations, prejudice

Question 39

Rationalization/ | intellectualization

Answer 39

using logic or science to explain away something unacceptable

Question 40

Denial

Answer 40

Disavowal of the reality of an external fact (whereas repression is about internal stuff)

Question 41

Condensation

Answer 41

several concepts, ideas, needs are reduced into a figurative representation

Question 42

Sublimation

Answer 42

id instincts are metamorphosed into something socially acceptable

Question 43

Displacement

Answer 43

taking it out on someone else

Question 44

Undoing

Answer 44

did something we regret, and then try to undo the action via apologizing, helping the person we hurt etc

Question 45

Reaction formation

Answer 45

channeling unacceptable thoughts or desires into the opposite (ie. doing something nice for someone you want to punch in the face)

Question 46

Identification

Answer 46

mirroring/adopting a person or entity's appearance, mannerisms, beliefs that you identify as a potential threat (ie. Mean girls movie to fit in)

Question 47

Conversion

Answer 47

psychological stress from conflict from id gets converted into a physical form, i.e. a cough

Question 48

Dissociation

Answer 48

removing oneself from feeling part of the world