first final Flashcards
A reflex is
A) a complex motor skill acquired over time.
B) an inborn, automatic response to a particular form of stimulation.
C) a learned response over time and practice.
D) none of the above.
B
2) By the end of the first year, infants use the thumb and index finger in opposition in a well-coordinated \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) vise grip B) ulnar grasp C) pincer grasp D) none of the above
C
3) Rubella is also known as A) toxoplasmosis B) German measles C) Red measles D) none of the above
B
4) At birth, infants perceive objects at a distance of 20 feet about as clearly as adults do at \_\_\_\_\_ feet. A) 100 B) 200 C) 400 D) 600
D
5) Taking a folic acid supplement around the time of conception reduces by more than 70 percent abnormalities of the A) lungs and liver B) neural tube C) arms and legs D) none of the above
B
6) Anoxia is caused by A) a teratogen. B) an inadequate oxygen supply. C) a breech delivery. D) none of the above
B
The first stage of labour is known as A) Dilation and effacement of the cervix B) Birth of the Placenta C) Delivery of the baby D) none of the above
A
8) The system in Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System Theory that includes the child’s parent’s work place is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) Macrosystem B) Exosystem C) Microsystem D) Mesosystem
B
9) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_infants are below their expected weight considering length of the pregnancy. A) premature B) preterm C) small-for-date D) none of the above
C
10) In dominant-recessive inheritance,
A) the influence of only one allele is apparent under heterozygous conditions.
B) harmful alleles are carried on the X chromosome.
C) a child with two dominant alleles is a carrier of the trait.
D) both alleles equally influence a child’s characteristics.
A
T F
The period of the embryo lasts from implantation through the eighth week of pregnancy.
T
T F
The period of the zygote is the longest period of pregnancy.
F
T F
The placenta will permit food and oxygen to reach the organism and waste products to be carried away.
T
T F
Down Syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality.
T
T F
A gene is a segment of DNA along the length of the chromosome.
T
T F
The sperm and ovum are also called, gametes.
T
T F
FASD refers to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder.
F
T F
Human beings have 46 chromosomes.
T
T F
The term teratogen refers to any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period.
T
T F
In breech position, the baby is turned in such a way that the buttocks or feet would be delivered first.
T
1) Kwashiorkor disease is caused by
A) Overfeeding an infant
B) A breastfeeding mother being malnourished
C) An unbalanced diet low in protein
D) Delivering vaccinations too early
E) Children having low levels of electrolytes
C
2) An important function of \_\_\_\_\_ is to coat neural fibers with myelin to improve the efficiency of message transfers. A) glial cells B) neurons C) synapses D) synaptic pruning E) estrogens
A
3) The dramatic increase in brain size evidenced in the early years is caused by production of A) neural fibers. B) neurons. C) synapses. D) hormones. E) glial cells
E
4) Sexual maturation of boys
A) begins with spermarche.
B) begins with the enlargement of the testes.
C) is over when adult stature is reached.
D) is complete when the voice begins to deepen.
E) begins with the growth of underarm hair.
B
5) Parent-adolescent conflicts typically focus on
A) when the adolescent should leave the parents’ home.
B) substance abuse.
C) early sexual activity.
D) long-term goals such as college or vocational training.
E) mundane, day-to-day matters such as driving or curfews.
E
6) Intensive treatment that incorporates hospitalization, family therapy, and applied behaviour analysis results in a \_\_\_\_\_ recovery rate for anorexics. A) Less than 25 percent B) Less than 75 percent C) Less than 50 percent D) Less than 95 percent E) Less than 10 percent
C
7) \_\_\_\_\_ is the ability of other parts of the brain to take over functions of damaged regions. A) Brain lateralization B) Stroke recovery C) Brain plasticity D) Brain specialization E) Reverse lateralization
C
8) \_\_\_\_\_, often caused by unsafe water and contaminated foods, leads to several million childhood deaths each year. A) Measles B) Diarrhea C) Chickenpox D) Tuberculosis E) Polio
B
9) Among North American teenagers who are overweight, an estimated \_\_\_\_\_ percent of these children will remain overweight as adults. A) 60 B) 25 C) 50 D) 40 E) 70
E
10) Growth faltering and psychosocial dwarfism both result from
A) malnutrition.
B) iron deficiency.
C) prolonged childhood diarrhea.
D) Over-stimulation and excessive parental control.
E) lack of affection and attention.
E
11) Cognition refers to the inner processes and products of the mind that lead to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) “language” B) “remembering” C) “knowing” D) “creating” E) “developing”
C
12) One of the effects of spending more time in sociodramatic play, as found by Connolly and Doyle, is that children
A) tend to become socially isolated from their peers.
B) are seen as more socially competent by their teachers.
C) become more imaginative and creative but show deficits in a variety of mental abilities, such as logical reasoning, language and literacy.
D) lose the ability to reflect on one’s own thinking and take another’s perspective.
E) often develop a maladaptive tendency toward creating imaginary companions that continues into adolescence.
B
13) Baby Joey’s mother used to store his toys underneath his bed, but now she puts them away in his new toy box. Joey, however, continues to look for his toys underneath his bed. According to Piaget, Joey
A) is demonstrating an inability to adapt to this change in his environment.
B) cannot yet engage in goal-directed behaviour.
C) does not yet appreciate physical causality.
D) is making an A-not-B search error.
E) has not yet attained even rudimentary object permanence.
D
14) Which of the following is MOST likely to be among a child's first categories? A) goldfish B) dogs C) poodles D) animals E) pets
D
15) Preschoolers who create imaginary companions often _____ compared to their age mates who do not have imaginary companions.
A) score higher on IQ tests later in life
B) display less complex pretend play
C) are more friendly with peers
D) are more egocentric
E) have poor social problem-solving skills
C
16) A \_\_\_\_\_ approach to cognitive development assumes that children discover virtually all knowledge through their own activity. A) constructivist B) core knowledge C) cooperative learning D) social learning E) reciprocal teaching
A
18) Baby Anthony accidentally kicks his rattle with his foot. Later, he tries to repeat this behaviour again and again. In Piaget's theory, this is an example of a \_\_\_\_\_ circular reaction. A) reflexive B) primary C) tertiary D) coordinated E) secondary
E
18) In a violation-of-expectation task, researchers
A) habituate babies to an impossible physical event and then determine whether they recover a possible event.
B) habituate babies to a possible event and then determine whether they recover an impossible event.
C) determine whether babies recover an impossible physical event and then habituate them to a possible event.
D) habituate babies to a physical event and then determine whether they recover a possible event or an impossible event.
E) determine whether babies recover a possible event and then habituate them to an impossible event
D
19) Research conducted on schooled and non-schooled children in the Jimi Valley of Papua New Guinea indicate that
A) non-representational scribbles are a universal beginning stage in drawing.
B) schooled children were just as likely to draw simple “stick” or “contour” images as were non-schooled children.
C) the tadpole form that children use to draw their first picture of a person is universal.
D) the first drawings of the human figure produced by non-schooled Jimi children emphasize the head and face over the hands and feet.
E) schooling does not influence children’s first representational shapes and forms.
A
20) In Piaget’s theory, the process of _____ is made up of two complementary activities: ________ and ___________.
A) adaptation; assimilation; accommodation
B) equilibration; assimilation; accommodation
C) organization; adaptation; equilibration
D) adaptation; equilibration; organization
E) equilibration; adaptation; organization
A
Why is the field of child development considered interdisciplinary?
a) scientific curiosity is the prevailing factor that led to the study of children.
b) The beginning of the public education led to a demand for knowledge about what to teach children.
c) Contributions from researchers and professionals in different fields help solve everyday problems concerning children.
d) Research was stimulated by social pressure to better children’s lives
C
Marcus was abused by his parents during his preschool years. Now in elementary school and living with a foster family. Marcus’s school counselor believes those early negative events can be overcome by his now positive life circumstances. The counselor is emphasizing the role of _______ in development.
a) nurture
b) nature
c) heredity
d) stability
A
