First Pass Flashcards by Halea Meese

MOA of clindamycin

Reversibly binds and inhibits at 50s ribosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of macrolides

Binds to 23s rRNA of 50s ribosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of tetracyclines

Bind to 30s ribosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of aminoglycosides

Bind to 30s ribosome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA of sulfonamides

Inhibit folate (vit b9) synth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA metoclopramide

D2 receptor blocker

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Negative NBT test indicates

Lack of functional NADPH oxidase (impaired neutrophil mediated killing), Dx: CGD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MOA Mesalanine

Anti-inflammatory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Celiac disease associated with what cancer

T-lymphocyte lymphoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Retinoblastoma is associated with risk of what other cancer

osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a patient presents with dark urine and dark cartilage

homogentisic acid buildup due to congenital deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what effect does a noncompetitive inhibitor have on a reaction’s vmax?

it will decrease it (a competitive inhibitor will NOT change it, adding more substrate still gets you to vmax)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

a drug that arrests a cell in prophase is most likely to act where

at the centromere (also if microtubule polymerization were inhibited or if capture by kinetochores were inhibited)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define the Km (michelis menin constant)

a substrate’s concentration when the reaction is at half vmax

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

affect of statins on HMG CoA reductase’s apparent Km

they increase the apparent km since they are competitive inhibitors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

clouded lenses may appear in which conditions

hurler syndrome (also accompanied by gargoyle facies), galactose 1 phosphate deficiency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ehlers Danlos classic affects what collagen type

aka hypermobile type collage V, vascular affects type III

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

define alkaptonuria

defect of tyr metabolism (from tyr to fumarate)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 2-year-old girl is brought to the clinic because she has recently developed muscle weakness and is having difficulty walking. She was meeting her early developmental milestones as expected at her 18-month well-child checkup. Her physical exam shows signs of muscle wasting. A peripheral nerve biopsy reveals histologic evidence of demyelination and macrophages with prominent reddish-pink vacuoles in the cytoplasm after staining with toluidine blue.
What enzyme is deficient in this patient?

aryl sulfatase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hyperemesis, vaginal bleeding, hyperthyroid think:

molar pregnancy, Bhcg shares a subunit with thryoid hormone so they tent to get hyper thyroid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What respiratory anomaly is associated with situs inversus?

kartagener synrome: problems with clilia leading to bronchietctatsis and infertility

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

teardrop cells or dacrocytes are associated with what disorder

idiopathic myelofibrosis: sign of extramedullary hematopoiesis, bone marrow replaced by fibrosis, cells instead made by spleen resulting also in splenomegaly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

effect of loop diuretics on ph

metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

N-acetylglucosaminyl deficiency associated with failure to thrive, coarse facial features, clouded corneas

failure to phosphorylate mannose residues results in failure to appropriately target enzymes to the lysosome, leading to accumulation within it

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

caused by deficiency of alpha kethoacid DH B1

maple syrup urine disease, "I Love Vermont maple syrup"

Trousseau sign

spasm with bp cuff inflation, sign of hypocalcemia

Fatigue, weight loss, depression, kidney stones, decreased libido

Multiple endocrine neoplasm disorder, inherited via autosomal dominant

chvotsek sign

tapping of the facial nerve indicates contraction, a sign of hypocalcemia

most common complication of total thyroidectomy

hypoparathyroidism due to accidental excision of parathyroid gland

What external layer does each part of the spermatic cord come from?

ICE TIE external spermatic fascia: external oblique Cremaster muscle and fascia: internal oblique Internal spermatic fascia: transversalis fascia

how to differentiate amphetamine, cocaine and pcp intoxication

note pupil size and nystagmus | (pupils enlarged in cocaine and amphetamine, normal with pcp), nystagmus present in pcp, variable in other two

what are the macrophages of the CNS

microglia

what is the embryonic origin of the macrophage

mesoderm

Where does the IVC go through the diaphragm?

T8 through the central tendon (I 8 10 EGGs AAT 12) | esogphaGus, vaGus T10, Aorta, Azygos, Thoracic duct at T12

werdnig hoffman vs. poliomyelitis, major difference in neurological symptoms

polio=asymmetric vs. werdnig-hoffman=symmetric

A patient presents with hexominadase A deficiency

Tay-Sachs (tAy-saX)

GM2 ganglioside accumulation indicates

Tay-Sachs

Deficiency of alpha-galatosidase A

Fabry disease

Accumulation of ceramide trihexoside

Fabry disease

Deficiency of arylsulfatase A

metachromatic leukodystropy (an sphingolipiopaty)

Accumulation of Cerebroside sulfate

metachromatic leukodystrophy

Deficiency of galactocerebrosidase

Krabbe disease

Accumulation of galactocerebroside

Krabbe disease

Deficiency of glucocerebrosidase

Gaucher disease

Accumulation of glucocerebroside

Gaucher disease

Deficiency of sphingomyelinase

Niemann-Pick (no-man picks his nose with his sphinger)

Accumulation of sphingomyelin

Niemann-Pick (no-man picks his nose with his sphinger)

Deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase

Hurler disease

Accumulation of heparan sulfate

hurler and hunter (also accumulate dermatan sulfate)

Deficiency of iduronate sulfatase

hurler disease

Target of aminoglycosides and tetracyclines

30s ribosomal subunit (Buy AT 30, CCEL at 50)

Target of clindamycin

50s ribosome

Which class of the protein synthesis inhibiting antibiotics is bacterioCIDAL?

aminoglycosides are aminoclycoCIDAL

rapid onset of fatigue, splenomegalty and bleeding with myeloblasts that have auer rods

APML (acute pro-myelocytic leukemia)

defective transport of amino acids results in what vitamin deficiency

hartnup disease --> niacin deficiency

deficiency of what nutrient causes glossitis

niacin (b3)

black vomit, bradycardia, fever, AST>ALT elevation

yellow fever

what are the symptoms of diGeorge syndrome?

``` derek george catch 22 C: cleft palate A: abnormal facies T: thymic dysfunction C: cardaic anomalies H: hypocalcemia ```

dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia

3 D's of vitamin b3 = niacin deficiency

Key difference b/w how vinca alkaloids and taxols inhibit progression of cycle cycle of out of m-phase

Vinca alkaloids prohibit spindle formation b/c they inhibit tubulin polymerization Taxols: stabilize the spindle formation and arrest progression in metaphase

target of alpha-amantin

RNA pol II, mRNA producing

bite cell, heinz body

G6pd deficiency

pigmentation of sclera, ears, limited rom of joints

alkaptonuria

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia indicates (lesion of ___)

Medial longitudinal fasiculus, often due to MS demyelination (right INO is paralysis of right eye, left eye would have nystagmus)

jerking movements and memory loss in an unvaccinated child/adolescent

suacute sclerosing enecephalitis from measles (rubeola) infection

agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right disorientation

``` gerstmann syndrome (affects the dominant parietal cortex) cannot write, cannot calculate, cannot recognize fingers, can't distinguish R from L ```

region located in the superior temporal lobe

wernicke's area

region located in frontal lobe adjacent to the primary motor cortex

broca's area

Findings with L3/L4 disc herniation

would affect L4 nerve, weakness of knee extension and patellar reflex

Findings with L4/L5 disc herniation

would affect L5 nerve, difficulty with dorsiflexion, difficulty with heel walking

Findings with L5/S1 disc herniation

weakness of plantar flexion, difficulty in toe walking, decreased achilles reflex

Encephalitis with motile organisms, exposure to fresh water

Naegleria fowleri (amoebic meningoencephalitis), think about naegleria in your nalgene filled with fresh water, looks like a bacterial encephalitis

Pain with ulcer decreases with food indicates what location

duodenal=d, decreases | g=gastric, greater with meals

``` Clinical reflexes achilles patellar biceps tricpes cremaster anal wink ```

``` S1,S2 buckle me shoe L3,L4 Kick the door C5,C6 pick up sticks C7,C8 lay them straight L1,L2 testicles move S3,S4 winks galore ```

hypoacusis to low pitched sounds

damage to the tensor tympani (innervated by the trigmeinal nerve)

ophthalmogplegia, dysphagia, proximal muscle weakness, sensorineural hearing loss, cerebellar ataxia, cardiac conduction, gomori stain positive

RRF: ragged red fiber myopathy, a mitochondrial disease

smudge cell

found in SLL/CLL (small lymphocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia), these cells are immature b-cells thus impairing the humoral immune response

Risk factors for transitional cell carcinoma

``` Pee SAC Phenactin Smoking Aniline Dyes Cylcophosphamide ```

functions of the interleukins

``` Hot T-bone stEAK IL-1: Fever 2: T-cell activation 3: Bone marrow stimulation 4: stimulation of IgE 5: stimulation of IgA production 6: stimulates aKute phase protein production ```

First Pass Flashcards

(79 cards)