first year GI drugs

Question 1

what are aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide

Answer 1

antacids

Question 2

MoA of antacids

Answer 2

neutralisations of stomach acid

Question 3

what are antacids used to treat

Answer 3

GORD, dyspepsia

Question 4

what is omeprazole

Answer 4

PPI

Question 5

what is the MoA of PPI

Answer 5

inactive at neutral pH but become active in cannalcuilus, block available/ active pumps preventing pumping of hydrogen

Question 6

side effect of aluminium hydroxide

Answer 6

constipation

Question 7

side effect of magnesium hydroxide

Answer 7

diarrhoea

Question 8

uses of PPI

Answer 8

GORD, peptic ulcer, Zollinger-ellison syndrome, H pylori eradication

Question 9

side effects of PPI

Answer 9

constipation, diarrhoea, headache

Question 10

what is ranitidine

Answer 10

H2 receptor antagonist

Question 11

what is the MoA of H2 receptor antagonists

Answer 11

block the action of histamine from enterochromaffin like cells leading to decreased HCL production

Question 12

uses of H2RA

Answer 12

dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, GORD

Question 13

side effects of H2RA

Answer 13

hypotension, headache, diarrhoea/constipation

Question 14

what are sucralfate and bismuth chealate

Answer 14

mucosal strengthens

Question 15

when is sucralfate used.

Answer 15

GORD

Question 16

SE of sucralfate

Answer 16

constipation

Question 17

bismuth chelate use

Answer 17

ulcers

Question 18

what are loperamide and codeine

Answer 18

anti motility drugs

Question 19

what are antimotility drugs

Answer 19

morphine like/opiate based

Question 20

what are uses of anti motility drugs

Answer 20

diarrhoea

Question 21

SE of antimotility drugs

Answer 21

drowsiness, constipation and urinary retention

Question 22

what does loperamide do

Answer 22

decreased peristalsis and segmentation -> constipation

Question 23

what does codeine do

Answer 23

sphincter constriction and increased fluid absorption

Question 24

what are sulfasaline and mesalazine

Answer 24

5ASAs

Question 25

what are 5ASAs

Answer 25

anti inflammatory drug

Question 26

what is the MoA of 5ASAs

Answer 26

derived from salicylic acid and through to trap free radicals

Question 27

uses of 5ASAs

Answer 27

UC

Question 28

SE of 5ASAs

Answer 28

diarrhoea, nausea, cramps

Question 29

what are prednisolone and budesonide

Answer 29

corticosteroids

Question 30

what are corticosteroids used

Answer 30

UC, hepatitis, crohns

Question 31

what is methylcellulose

Answer 31

a bulk forming laxative

Question 32

what is bisacodyl

Answer 32

a stimulant laxative

Question 33

what is decorate sodium

Answer 33

a faecal softening laxative

Question 34

what is magnesium sulphate/hydroxide

Answer 34

osmotic laxative

Question 35

when are laxatives used

Answer 35

when straining is detrimental to health, painful defecation, clear bowel before surgery, drug-induced constipation, constipation in elderly or bedridden

Question 36

when is pancreatin used

Answer 36

reduced pancreatic secretions, CF, and pancreatitis

Question 37

what is thiamine called

Answer 37

vitamin B1

Question 38

wear inhibits thiamine absorption

Answer 38

alcohol

Question 39

what does metroclopramide do

Answer 39

increases gastric emptying

Question 40

when is metroclopramide used

Answer 40

GORD, gastroparesis

Question 41

SE of metroclopramide

Answer 41

dizziness and drowsiness

Question 42

what are 5HT2RA

Answer 42

serotonin receptor antagonists

Question 43

what is ondansetron

Answer 43

5HT3RA

Question 44

MoA ondansetron

Answer 44

blocks 5HT3 receptors which are prevalent in chemorecpetor trigger zone

Question 45

uses of ondansetron

Answer 45

chemotherapy, radiotherapy and post operative induced emesis

Question 46

SE of ondansetron

Answer 46

headaches, constipation

Question 47

what is cyclizine

Answer 47

histamine H2 antagonist

Question 48

MoA of histamine antagonists

Answer 48

blockade of H1 receptors in nucleus tracts solitaires and vestibular nuclei

Question 49

uses of histamine antagonists

Answer 49

acute labyrinthitis and motion sickness

Question 50

SE of histamine antagonists

Answer 50

drowsiness

Question 51

what is domperidone and metoclopramide

Answer 51

dopamine receptor antagonists

Question 52

MOA of dopamine receptor antagonists

Answer 52

block dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone and increase gastric motility (pro kinetic effect) Increases lower oesophageal sphincter tone, gastric emptying and duodenal peristalsis

Question 53

uses of dopamine receptor antagonists

Answer 53

drug induced vomiting, vomiting in GI disorders, GORD, gastroparesis

Question 54

SE of dopamine receptor antagonists

Answer 54

drowsiness, physiological disturbances and acid GI obstruction

Question 55

what is nabilore

Answer 55

cannabinoids

Question 56

MoA of cannabinoids

Answer 56

decreases effects of emesis triggers on chemoreceptor triggering zone in the medulla

Question 57

uses of nabilore

Answer 57

in patients undergoing chemotherapy who are unresponsive to other antiemetic drugs

Question 58

SE of nabilore

Answer 58

drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, mood changes