Fiser Chapter 6: Antibiotics Flashcards
(52 cards)
Antiseptic vs. Disinfectant vs. Sterilization
Anti-septic: kills organisms on body
Disinfectant: kills organisms on inaminate objects
Sterilization: all organisms killed
Common surgical antiseptics; which one is better for fungi?
Iodophors: GPC, GNR, poor for fungi
Chlorhexidine: GPC, GNR, fungi
Bacterial classes: inhibitor of cell wall synthesis
PCN, CS, carbapenem, monobactams, vancomycin
Bacterial class: inhibitors of the 30s ribosome and protein synthesis
Tetra-cycline, AG (tobra, gent), Linezolid
Bacterial class: inhibitors of 50s ribosome and protein synthesis
Erythromycin, Clinda, Synercid
Bacterial class: Inhibitor of DNA helicase (DNA gyrase)
Quinolones
Bacterial class: Inhibitor of RNA polymerase
Rifampin
Bacterial class: Produces oxygen radicals that break up DNA
Flagyl
Bacterial class: PABA analogue, inhibits purine synthesis
Sulfonamides
Bacterial class: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, which inhibits purine synthesis
Bactrim
Bacteriostatis ABX
Tetracycline, Clinda, erythromycin, Bactrim (reversal ribosomal binding)
Bacterocidal ABX
Aminoglycocides
Mechanism of PCN resistance
Plasmids for beta-lactamase (i.e. Staph)
Most common method of antibiotics reistance
Transfer of plasmids
MRSA resistance caused by
Mutation of cell wall-binding protein
Mechanism of resistance for VRE
Mutation in cell wall binding protein
Gentamicin resistance due to
Modifying enzymes leading to decrease in active transport of gentamicin into bacteria
Appropriate drug levels: Vanc peak and trough
Peak: 20-40; trough 5-10
Appropriate drug levels: Gent peak and trough
Peak 6-10; trough < 1
If drug peak too high, what do you do?
Decrease amount of each dose
If drug trough too high, what do you do?
Decrease frequency of doses
Organisms for PCN
Strep, Syphillis, N. meningitis, S. perf, GAS, anthrax
Is PCN effective against Staph or Enterococcus?
No
Oxacillin, Methicillin and Nafcillin used for treatment of
Staph
