Fish

Question 1

Chordates

Answer 1

At some point have the following
1- presence of a notochord
2-pharyngeal slits
3- dorsal, hollow nerve cord
4-post anal tail

Question 2

Cephalochordates

Answer 2

Cepha= “mostly head”

Question 3

Tunicates

Answer 3

Tuni= “mostly tail”

Question 4

Vertebrates

Answer 4

Have a backbone and chondrocranium

Question 5

Chondrocranium

Answer 5

Cartilaginous skeleton that supports the brain, jaws and sensory organs

Question 6

Agnatha

Answer 6

No jaws
No teeth
No paired fins (pectoral or pelvic)

Question 7

Placodermi

Answer 7

(First)Jawed fish with dermal (external and individual) plates

Question 8

Ostracodermi

Answer 8

Jawless, had entire shell like skin, “eel like”

Question 9

Chondrishthyes

Answer 9

Cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays)

Question 10

Osteichthyens

Answer 10

Bony fish (normal fish)

Question 11

Anadromous

Answer 11

Fish that swim up river to spawn

Question 15

Elsmobrachs

Answer 15

Part of chondryctides

3 groups:
Galea
Squeala
Batoidea

Question 16

Squales

Answer 16

Shark like forms that all lack anal fins
Are mostly deep sea fishes such as the angel shark

Question 17

Galea

Answer 17

Have anal fins, most types of sharks

Question 18

Boteida

Answer 18

Skates, rays and allied fishes like guitarfish and sawfish

Adapted to benthic habitats(bottom of the ocean)
Durophangous diet (hard shelled pray like snails)
Teeth are flat designed for crushing
Males will develop teeth to immobilize females for copulation suing claspers
Have protrusable mouths (can stretch out and suck)

Question 19

Squalea (modern sharks)

Answer 19

Have snouts that overhands the mouth
Tendency for the vertebrae at to become calcified not ossified
The anamel of the teeeth is complex in contruction
Sensory and behavioral characteristics not seen in chaimeras or boatoids
Are larger fish
Mostly marine predators but the biggest one are filter feeders
Chemoreception
Machireception
Larger eyes
(Male) internal fertilization using clasper

Question 20

Chemoreception

Answer 20

(Sharks) very large olfactory lobes to the forebrain and are extremely sensitive to things like blood

Question 21

Mechanoreception

Answer 21

Neuromast organs that are in the lateral line system are them sentisitive to water pressure

Question 22

Electro reception

Answer 22

Integumentary organ called the ampulae of Lorenzini, sensitive to weak electriacal signals emitted by potential pray

Question 23

Oviparity

Answer 23

Give birth to livespring while in eggs

Question 24

Ovoviviparity

Answer 24

Eggs will incubate and hatch inside the mother body and will be born live

Question 25

Viviparity

Answer 25

Young develop inside the mothers placenta and aer born live (spaghetti system)

Question 26

Urea (amonia diffusion?)

Answer 26

When proteins are broken down into amino acids for digestion

Question 27

Recta gland

Answer 27

The organ that takes in exess of salt in the body and empties out into the posterior part of the intestines, straight to feces

Question 28

Lung fish

Answer 28

Lack decided cranium Have Paletine teeth Most of their endoskeleton are cartiliginous, except for the cranium Live in fresh water Have gills but also use their single lung for when there’s little oxygen (water is stagnant) Por eyesight, use chemoreception and electro reception Are oviparous Aestivate(fish harbonation) in response to dry environments

Question 29

Coelacanths

Answer 29

Swim bladder Ovivivvoprouse Have ancestral and modern traints( chondraichthyan and osteocthyan trains) Intercranial joins (allows them to expand their mouth)

Question 30

Sarcopterygian (lobe fish)

Answer 30

Lung fish Coelecanths

Question 31

Actinioterygii

Question 32

Holosteans

Answer 32

Gars and bowfish

Question 33

Blowfish

Answer 33

Cycloid scales Gulag plate Swim bladder

Question 34

Teleosts

Answer 34

“Complete or perfect” skeleton Elopomorpha- ells and tarpons Osteoglassomorpha- bony tongue fishes Otocephala- hearing link between swim bladder and inner ear Auteleostophorma- “derived teleosts”

Question 35

Elopepomorpha

Answer 35

A group defined by osteological features, not dna evidence Distinct larva stage Leptocephalus larvae 95% eel like, other 5% normal fish(tarpons and bone fish) Catadromous

Question 36

Osteoglossomorpha

Answer 36

Bony tounge group Electric fish group

Question 37

Otocephala

Answer 37

Linkage that includes clupeiformes and ostariphysi

Question 38

Clupeoformes

Answer 38

Mostly marine fishes Schooling fish that eat plankton Weberian apparatus(makes them more aware of surrounding) Use pheromones for communication Oviparous

Question 39

Ostasriophysans

Answer 39

Cyprinifomrs-minnows, suckers, carps Gymnotiformes- electric eels Siluriformes-catfishes Characiformes- characins