Fish Practical Flashcards by Cameron Trinh

Q

Petromyzontiformes

A

Lampreys

No paired fins

Long dorsal fin continuous with caudal fin

No ventral fin anterior to anus

No barbels

7 pairs of gill openings

Larval form: ammocoetes

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Q

Myxiniformes

A

Hagfish** & **Slime hags

No paired fins

Ventral fin anterior to anus present

Barbels present

External gill slits ~14

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Q

Squaliformes

A

Sharks

Placoid scales

Heterocercal tail

Spiracle present

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Q

Rajiformes

A

Skates** & **Rays

Dorsoventrally flattened

Spiracle functions in respiration

Skates: thick tail; Rays: whiplike tail

Males have claspers

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Q

Chimaeriformes

A

Chimaeras** or **Ratfish**, **Rabbitfish

Beaklike jaw/tooth plates

Tail long and thin

Locomation by large pectoral fins

Single external gill opening with opercular flap

Ugly

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Q

Amocoetes larva

A

Lampreys

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Q

Dipnoi

A

Lungfish

Paired fins

Diphycercal tail

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Q

Polypteriformes

A

Bichirs** & **Reed fish

Dorsal finlets; fleshy base to pectoral fin

Ganoid scales: tough, heavy

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Q

Polyodontidae

A

Paddlefish

Elongated & flattened rostrum (nose), 1/3 length

Skin essentially naked (i.e., no scales) except at caudal peduncle

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Q

Acipenseridae

A

Stergeon

Bony plate along sides as “armor”

Barbels present

Heterocercal tail

Ducklike snout

Source of caviar

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Q

Lepisosteidae

A

Gars** or **Garpikes

Ganoid scales

Elongate cylindrical body; elongate snout

Anal & dorsal fins well back on body

Sit & wait predators

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Q

Amiidae

A

Bowfin

Cycloid scales

“Eye spot” on caudal fin; asymmetric

Long dorsal fin

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Q

Anguillidae

A

Common eels

Has pectoral fins (lamphrey & hagfish do not)

Pelvic fins absent; snake-like form

Scales minute & imbedded

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Q

Clupeiformes

A

Herring**, **shad**, **menhadden**, **alewives

Body latterally compressed; forked tail; head lack scales; no adipose fin

Ventral scales keeled, giving “sawtooth fringe”

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Q

Salmonidae

A

Salmon**, **trout**, **whitefish

Adipose fin; forked tail

Pelvic fins with axillary process

No barbels

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Q

Osmeridae

A

Smelt

Adipose fin; forked tail

Pelvic fins without axillary process

No barbels

Slender; silvery

Q

Esocidae

A

Pike**, **pickerel**, **muskie

Long cylindrical body

Single, soft dorsal & anal fin well back on body

Prominent ducklike jaw; numerous teeth

No adipose fin

Q

Catosomidae

A

Suckers

Soft-rayed

Modified anal fin

Mouth sucker-like, upward

Thick lips

Q

Cyprinidae

A

Minnows, Carp, Goldfish

Soft-rayed

Mouth not sucker-like, downward

Thin-lips

No adipose fin

Q

Ictaluridae

A

Catfish

Adipose fin present

Head broad, flat

Barbels obvious

Without scales

Websterian apparatus (ear bone)

Q

Exocetidae

A

Flying fish

Pectoral fins large

Lateral line (hairs to detect current) low on body

Q

Cyprinodontidae

A

Killfish

Ovoparous, lay eggs

Mouth, upward

Q

Poeciliidae

A

Mollies, Guppies, Swordtails, Mosquitofish

Viviparous, live birth

Males, gonopodium for copulation

Q

Gadidae

A

Cod, Haddock, Pollock

1 Barbel, chin

3 Dorsal fins

**_Gasterosteiformes_**

**_Sticklebacks_** 3-16 spines anterior to dorsal fin Mouth, upward Pelvic fin w/ 1 spine Caudal peduncle, narrow

**_Syngnathidae_**

**_Seahorse**_, _**pipefish_** Boney plates, lack scales Pipefish are elongate Tail grasping

**_Centrarchidae_**

**_Sunfish**_, _**bass_** Dorsal fin, 5-13 spines Joined, spinous anterior/soft posterior fins Body, laterally compressed

**_Percidae_**

**_Perch**_, _**darters_** Separate, spinous anterior/soft posterior fins

**_Scombridae_**

**_Mackerel**_, _**tuna_** 2 dorsal fins Finlets, posterior to dorsal & anal fins Deeply forked tail Cycloid scales

**_Cottidae_**

**_Sculpins_** 2 dorsal fins Body, broad Head, flattened Pectoral fins, large Eyes, close together on top of head Suborbital stay sheek spikes

**_Tetraodontiformes_**

**_Puffers_** Teeth, fused into beak Body, globular to triangular

**_Pleuronectidae_**

**_Right-eyed flounder_** Eyes, right-sided Dorsal & anal fins far from caudal

**_Solidae_**

**_Sole_** Eyes, right-sided Dorsal & anal fins close to caudal

**_Bothidae_**

**_Left-eyed flounder_** Eyes, left-sided

**_Lophiformes_**

**_Goosefish**_, _**anglers_** First ray of dorsal fin modified into illiculum/esca:line/bait

**_Ctenoid scale_**

**_Cycloid scale_**

**_Ganoid**_, _**rhombic scale_**

**_Placoid scale_**