Fitness/ Nutrition Test

Question 1

isthebadone.It collectsinthewallsofbloodvessels,
causingtheblockagesofatherosclerosis.Higherlevelsputyouatgreaterriskfora heartattackfromasuddenbloodclotinanarterynarrowedbyatherosclerosis.

Answer 1

LDL (bad) cholesterol

Question 2

isthe
well­behaved”goodcholesterol.”Thisfriendlyscavengercruisesthebloodstream.Asit does,itremovesharmfulbadcholesterolfromwhereitdoesn’tbelong.High levels reducetheriskforheartdisease­­butlowlevelsincreasetherisk.

Answer 2

High Density Lipoprotein, HDL

Question 3

areatypeoffat(lipid)foundinyourblood.Whenyoueat,yourbody
convertsanycaloriesitdoesn’tneedtouserightawayintoit.They arestoredinyourfatcells.

Answer 3

Triglycerides

Question 4

short­lasting,high­intensityactivity,whereyourbody’sdemand
foroxygenexceedstheoxygensupplyavailable.reliesonenergy sourcesthatarestoredinthemuscles

Answer 4

Anaerobic Exercise

Question 5

providescardiovascularconditioning.Thetermaerobicactually
means”withoxygen,”whichmeansthatbreathingcontrolstheamountofoxygenthat canmakeittothemusclestohelpthemburnfuelandmove.

Answer 5

Aerobic Exercise

Question 6

Exerciseperformedusingaspecializedapparatusthatprovides
variableresistancetoamovement,sothatnomatterhowmucheffortisexerted,the movementtakesplaceataconstantspeed.

Answer 6

Isokinetic Exercise

Question 7

orisometricsareatypeofstrengthtraininginwhichthejointangle
andmusclelengthdonotchangeduringcontraction

Answer 7

Isometric Exercise

Question 8

whenacontractingmuscleshortensagainstaconstantload,as
whenliftingaweight.Isotonicexerciseisonemethodofmuscularexercise.

Answer 8

Isotonic Exercise

Question 9

isthewastingorlossofmuscletissue.

Answer 9

Muscle atrophy

Question 10

involvesanincreaseinsizeofskeletalmusclethroughagrowth
insizeofitscomponentcells.

Answer 10

Muscle hypertrophy

Question 11

disorderisatypeofchronicmentalillnessinwhichyoucan’tstopthinkingaboutaflawinyourappearance—aflawthatiseitherminororimagined.Buttoyou,yourappearanceseemssoshamefulthatyoudon’twanttobe
seenbyanyone.

Answer 11

Body dysmorphic disorder

Question 12

self-starvationoriginatingfromafearofbecomingoverweigh

Answer 12

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 13

bingeingonfoodandthenpurgingitasawaytocontrolbodyweight.

Answer 13

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 14

Binge­eatingdisorderisaseriouseatingdisorderinwhich

youfrequentlyconsumeunusuallylargeamountsoffoodandfeelunabletostopeating.

Answer 14

Excessive Eating Disorder

Question 15

istheabsenceofmenstruation—oneormore
missedmenstrualperiods.Womenwhohavemissedatleastthreemenstrualperiodsin
arowhaveit

Answer 15

Amenorrhea

Question 16

includes,bone,organs,muscle,andothertissue.

Answer 16

Body composition

Question 17

aperson’sweightinkilogramsdividedbythesquareof

heightinmeters.AhighBMIcanbeanindicatorofhighbodyfatness.

Answer 17

Body mass index

Question 18

measurestheresistanceofbodytissuestotheflowofasmall,harmlesselectricalsignal.Currentflowsmoreeasily
throughthepartsofthebodythatarecomposedmostlyofwater(blood,urineandmuscle)thanitdoesthroughbone,fatorair.measuresthestrengthandspeedoftheelectricalsignalsentthroughthebody(impedancemeasure).Itthenusesthismeasurementandinformationsuchasheight,weightandgendertopredicthowmuchbodyfatapersonhas.

Answer 18

Bio electrical impedance

Question 19

skinfoldestimationmethodsarebasedonaskinfoldtest,alsoknownasapinchtest,wherebyapinchofskinispreciselymeasuredbycalipersatseveralstandardizedpointsonthebodytodeterminethesubcutaneousfatlayer
thickness.

Answer 19

Skinfold caliper testing

Question 20

Underwaterweighing:Amethodfordeterminingtheleanbodymass.Thismethodweighsapersonunderwaterandthencalculatestheleanbodymass
(muscle)andbodyfat.Thismethodisoneofthemoreaccurateones.However,itisgenerallydoneinspecialresearchfacilities,andtheequipmentiscostly.

Answer 20

Hydrostatic weighing

Question 21

Relatingtothecirculatorysystem,whichcomprisestheheartandbloodvesselsandcarriesnutrientsandoxygentothetissuesofthebodyandremovescarbondioxideandotherwastesfromthem.

Answer 21

Cardiovascular System

Question 22

opposestheagonistmuscleduringanexercise.Forexample,duringtheliftingphaseofabicepscurl,thetricepsmuscleslengthenasthebicepscontract,makingthebicepstheagonistandthetricepstheantagonist.

Answer 22

Antagonist Muscle

Question 23

termagonistreferstothemusclethatisprimarilyresponsibleforaspecificjointmotion,orthemusclethatisdirectlyinvolvedinacontraction.Forexample,duringtheliftingphaseofabicepscurl,theagonistsarethebicepmuscles.

Answer 23

Agonist Muscle

Question 24

fast­twitchmusclesfatiguefasterbutareusedinpowerfulburstsofmovementslikesprinting.

Answer 24

Fast Twitch Muscle Fiber

Question 25

help enable long­endurance feats such as distance running.

Answer 25

Slow Twitch Muscle Fiber

Question 26

process of progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of medium-sized and large arteries as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining. Risk  factors for atherosclerosis include high levels of "bad" cholesterol, high blood pressure (hypertension), smoking, diabetes and a genetic family history of atherosclerotic disease. 

Answer 26

Atherosclerosis

Question 27

bottom number indicates the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. A normal diastolic blood pressure number is less than 80. A diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 indicates prehypertension. A diastolic blood pressure number of 90 or higher is considered to be hypertension or high  blood pressure. 

Answer 27

Diastolic blood pressure

Question 28

When your heart beats, it contracts and pushes blood through the arteries to the rest of the body. This force creates pressure on the arteries. This is  called systolic blood pressure. A normal systolic blood pressure is below 120. A systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 means you have prehypertension, or borderline high blood  pressure. 

Answer 28

Systolic blood pressure

Question 29

high blood pressure is a common condition in which the long­term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease. 

Answer 29

Hypertension

Question 30

any one of various substances found in certain foods (such as bread, rice, and potatoes) that provide your body with heat and energy and are made of carbon,  hydrogen, and oxygen. 

Answer 30

Carbohydrates

Question 31

are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols,  fat­soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others. 

Answer 31

Lipids

Question 32

From a chemical standpoint, saturated fats are simply fat molecules that  have no double bonds between carbon molecules because they are saturated with hydrogen molecules. Saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature

Answer 32

Saturated fat

Question 33

Oils that contain monounsaturated fats are typically  liquid at room temperature but start to turn solid when chilled. Olive oil is an example of a type of oil that contains monounsaturated fats. Polyunsaturated fat is mainly in vegetable oils such as corn, safflower, sunflower and soybean oils. It's usually liquid at room temperature. It is also found in seeds and fish. Better for your arteries and heart.

Answer 33

Poly and mono unsaturated fats

Question 34

Artificial trans fats (or trans fatty acids) are created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. The primary dietary source for trans fats in processed food is “partially hydrogenated oils." Look for them on the ingredient list on food packages. 

Answer 34

Trans-fatty acids

Question 35

are the building blocks of life. Every cell in the human body contains protein.  The basic structure of protein is a chain of amino acids. You need protein in your diet to help your body repair cells and make new ones. Protein is also important for growth and development in children, teens, and pregnant women. Protein foods are broken down into parts called amino acids during digestion. Amino acids are found in animal sources such as meats, milk, fish, and eggs. They are also found in plant sources such as soy, beans, legumes, nut butters, and some grains (such as wheat germ and quinoa). You do not need to eat animal products to get all the protein you need in your diet. 

Answer 35

Proteins

Question 36

roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants. It has two main components: Soluble fiber, which dissolves in water, is readily fermented in the colon into gases and physiologically active byproducts, and can be prebiotic and  viscous. 

Answer 36

Dietary Fiber

Question 37

approximately the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. It can also be considered a measure of the energy in the food we eat, or the amount of energy we expend while  living, moving, and exercising, etc. 

Answer 37

Calorie (kilocalories)

Question 38

is the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into  energy. During this complex biochemical process, calories in food and beverages are combined with oxygen to release the energy your body needs to function.

Answer 38

Metabolism

Question 39

amount of energy (calories) your body burns while you are resting. 

Answer 39

Basal metabolism

Question 40

are components in foods that an organism uses to survive and grow.  Macronutrients provide the bulk energy an organism's metabolic system needs to function while micronutrients provide the necessary cofactors for metabolism to be carried out. 

Answer 40

Nutrients

Question 41

substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs. They are: B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin,  niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12 and folate)Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, and C. 

Answer 41

Vitamins

Question 42

substances found in food that your body needs for  growth and health. There are two kinds of minerals: macro minerals and trace minerals. Macro minerals are minerals your body needs in larger amounts. They include calcium,  phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride. Your body needs just small amounts of trace minerals. These include iron, copper, iodine, zinc, fluoride, and selenium. 

Answer 42

Minerals

Question 43

causes bones to become weak and brittle —Bone is living tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the removal of old bone. 

Answer 43

Osteoporosis

Question 44

among the brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which function  to transmit electrical signals within the nervous system. Stress and pain are the two most common factors leading to the release of endorphins. Endorphins interact with the opiate receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain and act similarly to drugs such as  morphine and codeine. 

Answer 44

Endorphins

Question 45

person who does not eat meat, and sometimes other animal products, especially for moral, religious, or health reasons. 

Answer 45

Vegetarian

Question 46

person who does not eat or use animal products 

Answer 46

Vegan

Question 47

person that gets little or no physical activity

Answer 47

Sedentary

Question 48

condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically one that is dangerously low. 

Answer 48

Hypothermia

Question 49

condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal. 

Answer 49

Hyperthermia

Question 50

simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a  component of many carbohydrates. 

Answer 50

Glucose

Question 51

body breaks down most carbohydrates from the foods we eat and converts them to a type of sugar called glucose. glucose is the main source of fuel for  our cells. 

Answer 51

Glycogen

Question 52

colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise. 

Answer 52

Lactic acid

Question 53

a waxy, fat­like substance that’s found in all cells of the body.  Your body needs it to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help  you digest foods. Your body makes all of it needs. However, it can also be found in some of the foods you eat. It travels through your bloodstream in small  packages called lipoproteins (lip­o­PRO­teens). These packages are made of fat (lipid) on the  inside and proteins on the outside. 

Answer 53

Cholesterol