Five Style Periods

Question 1

Middle Ages Period

Answer 1

400-1450

Question 2

Middle Ages Key Ideas

Answer 2

Chant
Organum
Early motets

Question 3

Middle Ages Important Names

Answer 3

Pope Gregory
Minstrels - roaming artists
Leonin & Peonin
Notre Dame School

Question 4

Renaissance Period

Answer 4

1450-1600

Question 5

Renaissance Key Concepts

Answer 5

Rebirth of Learning
Manipulate; mans ability to solve
Points of imitation

Question 6

Renaissance Musical Characteristics

Answer 6

Isorhythmic motet
Musical games
Text painting

Question 7

Isorhythmic motet

Answer 7

Cantus firmus sane “size” as the building *imitation that can be seen, but NOT heard

Question 8

Musical Games

Answer 8

Puzzle Canons - you must figure it out to sing
Crab canon - works with itself sung backwards
Sogetto Cavato - use letters of a name/phrase for melody

Question 9

Text painting

Answer 9

Make the melody “fly” on the word fly

Question 10

Points of Imitation

Answer 10

One voice chases the first, others chase it, etc.

new musical idea also imitation that CAN be heard

Question 11

Renaissance Venic

Answer 11

Progressive
New ideas; liberal views
POLYCHORAL technique

Question 12

Renaissance Rome

Answer 12

Traditional
Conservative music; nothing new
Motets in same fashion as past times

Question 13

Baroque Period

Answer 13

1600-1750

Question 14

Baroque Key Concepts

Answer 14

Artificiality
Distortion
Ornamentation

Question 15

Baroque Characteristics

Answer 15

Concerto
Opera
Da Capo aria
Fugue

Question 16

Concerto

Answer 16

Features a new instrument by setting it against the orchestra

Question 17

Opera

Answer 17

Began as reaction to the “clutter” of imitative polyphony
Simple recitative and aria make the text easy to hear
Use elaborate stage and scenery and flying apparatus
Castrati (DISTORTION) - show off with suitcase aria

Question 18

Da Cap aria

Answer 18

ABA form of solo song where ornaments are added on the repeated A section so the singer can “show off”

Question 19

Fugue

Answer 19

(Esp. Organ) very stylized form of imitation

1. Subject
2. Counter-subject
3. Episode

Question 20

Baroque composers

Answer 20

Bach
Handel
Vivaldi

Question 21

Classic Period

Answer 21

1750-1825

Question 22

Classic Key Concepts

Answer 22

Simplicity
Balance
Form

Question 23

Classic Musical Characteristics

Answer 23

Reaction to show-off-y Baroque

Shift from chamber music (in house) to concert hall

PIANO INVENTED

Form in musical composition

Question 24

Reaction to Baroque

Answer 24

No more suitcase arias - back to sample arias and story line

Use of chorus becomes prominent in opera and oratorio

Question 25

Shift from in house to concert hall

Answer 25

Larger orchestra - more power and expressiveness Greater emphasis on orchestra and instrumental music

Question 26

Piano invented

Answer 26

Ability to play loudly, softly, and everything in between Replaces harp as primary keyboard instrument

Question 27

Form in musical composition

Answer 27

Balanced AB or ABA Simple harmony that employs I, V, and IV chords primarily

Question 28

Classic Composers

Answer 28

Mozart Haydn Gluck Beethoven

Question 29

Sonata - Allegro form

Answer 29

Expo (A) Development (B) Recapitulation (A)

Question 30

Expo

Answer 30

Theme 1 key of I Bridge Theme 2 key of V Whole EXPO repeated

Question 31

Development

Answer 31

(B) Bits and pieces of themes Variety of key areas Contrasting use of melodies

Question 32

Recapitulation

Answer 32

(A) Theme 1&2 both in key Short “review” Coda to end it all

Question 33

Concerto

Answer 33

Solo with orchestra accompaniment Fast (S-A form) Slow (contrast) Fast

Question 34

Symphony

Answer 34

Full orchestra featured Fast (S-A form) Slow (contrast) DANCE mvmnt Finale (Fast/furious)

Question 35

Sonata

Answer 35

``` “Solo” symphony Fast (S-A form) Slow (contrast) Dance mvmnt Finale (fast/furious) ```

Question 36

Romantic period

Answer 36

1825-1900

Question 37

Romantic Key Concepts

Answer 37

Melody Extremes Program music

Question 38

Romantic Musical Characteristics

Answer 38

Appeal to the imagination Emotional expression Explore every extreme of size, volume, harmony, texture, form Nature as inspiration Nationalistic pride

Question 39

Romantic Composers

Answer 39

``` Beethoven (!) Brahms Tchaikovsky; Rachmaninoff Chopin Verdi; Wagner Schubert; Schumann ```

Question 40

Romantic types of music

Answer 40

Lied and other folk music Absolute music Program music

Question 41

Absolute music

Answer 41

``` Music for musics sake Chopin “nocturne in Eb Major” Brahms “Symphony #3” Bach “Cantata #140” Beethoven “5th Symphony” ```

Question 42

Program music

Answer 42

Tells a story, or has a non-musical association The Program music The Tone Poem

Question 43

The Program music

Answer 43

Specific story Uses Composers imagination “Peter and the Wolf” “Symphonie Fantastique”

Question 44

The Tone Poem

Answer 44

Just a title, or suggestion to a story Listener provides the imagination “The Moldau” “Appalachian Spring”