FJCL Customs Flashcards
1
Q
What term is given to the political ladder Romans must take to reach consulship?
A
cursus honorum
2
Q
What are the three steps of the cursus honorum in order?
A
quaestor, praetor, consul
3
Q
How many men served as consul annually?
A
2
4
Q
What elected office in Rome had the most power?
A
consul
5
Q
How often were consuls elected?
A
Yearly
6
Q
What role did praetors play in government?
A
Judges
7
Q
How many praetors were elected yearly?
A
8
8
Q
How often were praetors elected?
A
Yearly
9
Q
What role did quaestors play in government?
A
Treasurers
10
Q
How many quaestors are elected yearly?
A
20
11
Q
How often were quaestors elected?
A
Yearly
12
Q
Which political office in Rome was in charge of roads and public games?
A
Aedile
13
Q
How many aediles were elected yearly?
A
4
14
Q
What political office in Rome was in charge of taking the census and public morals?
A
Censors
15
Q
How many censors were elected at at time?
A
2
16
Q
How often and for how long were censors elected?
A
Every 5 years for 18 months
17
Q
What political office in Rome could be appointed in times of emergency?
A
Dictator
18
Q
What was the maximum time a dictator could normally serve?
A
6 months
19
Q
What “master of the cavalry” served as the second in command to the dictator?
A
Magister Equitum
20
Q
What office must a Roman have held to be a senator?
A
Praetor
21
Q
For how long would a senator serve?
A
Life
22
Q
How many tribunes were elected yearly?
A
10
23
Q
To what political class must a tribune belong?
A
Plebeian
24
Q
What office in Rome had the power to veto the senate?
A
Tribune
25
What is the highest class in Rome?
Patricians/Optimates
26
What is the business class in Rome?
Equites
27
What is the lower class in Rome?
Plebeians/Populares
28
What was the name of a client's visit to a patron's house?
Salutatio
29
What cold food basket would a patron give his client in the atrium during the salutatio?
Sportula
30
What term is given to a patron's leading their clients to the forum?
Deductio
31
What name is given to the head of the family (which includes wife, children, slaves, and property)
paterfamilias
32
What name is given to the power of the paterfamilias over their family?
patria potestas
33
In Roman chariot racing, what were metae?
turning posts
34
In Roman chariot racing, what was the spina?
"backbone", dividing wall running down middle of racetrack
35
What Latin term is given to the symbols used as lap counters in the Roman circus?
Ova et delphines
36
A typical race in a Roman circus would consist of how many laps?
7
37
How many people could be held in the Circus Maximus
250,000
38
What are ludi circenses?
chariot races
39
In Roman chariot racing, what name is given to the racing companies?
Factiones
40
What color faction is russata?
Red
41
What color faction is albata?
white
42
What color faction is veneta?
Blue
43
What color faction is prasina?
Green
44
In Roman chariot racing, which factiones were the original two?
red and white
45
In Roman chariot racing, which two factiones were the longest lasting?
blue and green
46
Which Roman emperor added purple and gold factiones to chariot racing?
Domitian
47
Between what two hills was the Circus Maximus situated?
Palatine and Aventine
48
What name is given to the white cloth that is dropped to start a chariot race?
mappa
49
In Roman chariot racing, what was a biga?
2 horse chariot
50
In Roman chariot racing, what was a quadriga?
4 horse chariot
51
In Roman chariot racing, what was an auriga?
charioteer
52
What did the Romans call one successfully completed lap in chariot racing?
curriculum
53
In Roman chariot racing, what is the term for the starting gates?
carceres
54
What type of gladiator is most recognizable by a fish crest on his helmet?
Myrmillo
55
What type of gladiator usually fought against Retiarii or Thracians
Myrmillo
56
What type of gladiator were armed with a net and a trident?
Retiarius
57
What type of gladiator usually fought Myrmillones or Secutores?
Retiarius
58
What type of gladiator fought with an oblong shield, a visored helmet, and a sword?
Samnite
59
What type of gladiator used a small round shield and a curved scimitar?
Thracian
60
What type of gladiator were hunters who fought wild beasts?
Bestiarius
61
What type of gladiator rode in a chariot?
Essedarius
62
What type of gladiator were heavily armed but had to fight without their vision?
Andabata
63
What type of gladiator was armed with a lasso and a curved piece of wood?
Laquearius
64
What type of gladiator, known as the "pursuer", fought like a Samnite but without the neck protector?
Secutor
65
What type of gladiator fought fully armed with a breast plate and a visored helmet?
Hoplomachus
66
What name is given to the wooden sword given to gladiators at their retirement?
rudis
67
What name is given to a gladiator trainer?
lanista
68
What was the editor munerum?
Giver of games
69
What name is given to the sand placed to absorb the blood from a gladiator match?
(h)arena
70
What name is given to the hunts where Bestiarii fought wild beasts?
venationes
71
What's the difference between premere pollicem and vertere pollicem
premere pollicem - to press the thumb against the forefinger - crowd wants to spare the gladiator
vertere pollicem - to turn the thumb towards the chest - crowd wants to kill the gladiator
72
In what year were gladiator fights first brought to Rome from the Etruscans?
264 BC
73
At what type of event were gladiator fights first introduced?
Funerals
74
What were naumachiae?
mock naval battles
75
What term is given to the Roman baths?
thermae/balneae
76
In the Roman baths, what was the apodyterium?
dressing room
77
In the Roman baths, what was the hypocausta?
furnace
78
In the Roman baths, what was the caldarium?
hot bath
79
In the Roman baths, what was the frigidarium?
cold bath
80
In the Roman baths, what was the unctorium?
scraping/massage room
81
In the Roman baths, what name is given to the scraper used in the unctorium?
strigil
82
In the Roman baths, what was the palaestra?
exercise area
83
In the Roman baths, what was a natatio?
swimming pool
84
In terms of Roman education, what was a ludus?
(elementary) school
85
In terms of Roman education, what a litterator?
elementary school teacher
86
In terms of Roman education, what was a paedagogus?
slave who carries books to and from school
87
In terms of Roman education, what was a grammaticus?
upper school teacher
88
In terms of Roman education, what was a rhetor?
teacher of public speaking
89
In terms of Roman education, what was a stylus?
writing utensil
90
In terms of Roman education, what was a tabula/tabella
tablet/notebook
91
In the Roman army, what was the smallest unit of a legion?
century
92
What unit of the Roman army was twice the size of a century, though it was later dropped in favor of a cohort?
maniple
93
What unit of the Roman army is 6 times the size of a century?
cohort
94
What was the basic fighting unit of the Roman army called?
contubernium
95
What name is given to the leader of a century?
Centurio
96
What Roman officer was 2nd in command to a centurio?
optio
97
What kind of toga was worn by victorious generals during their triumphal procession?
toga picta
98
What is the Latin term for passwords?
Tesserae
99
What name is given to the military standard of a century or cohort?
signum
100
What name is given to the holder of the standard of a century or cohort?
signifer
101
What name is given to the silver or bronze eagle standard of a legion?
aquila
102
What name is given to the soldier who holds the eagle standard of a legion?
aquilifer
103
What name is given to the horn blower of a Roman army?
cornicen
104
What's the Latin word for a flag?
vexillum
105
What type of soldiers were pedites?
infantry
106
What type of soldiers were equites?
Cavalry
107
What kind of military weapon was a scorpio?
Dart thrower (standing crossbow used by one man)
108
What kind of military weapon was a ballista?
dart or stone throwing siege engine (larger than a scorpio)
109
What kind of military weapon was a onager?
siege engine which threw boulders
110
What kind of military weapon is translated as "wild ass" for its kick?
onager
111
What kind of military weapon was a catapulta?
siege engine which hurled javelins
112
What was a gladius?
sword
113
What was a scutum?
shield
114
What's the difference between a galea and a cassis?
galea - helmet made from leather
cassis- helmet made from metal
115
What was a pilum?
javelin
116
What was a hasta?
spear (used by triarii and hastati)
117
What was a lorica?
leather breastplate
118
What was a cingulum?
military belt
119
What were caligae?
boots
120
What was a sarcina?
soldier's cloak
121
What was a pugio?
dagger
122
What did the Romans call a wedding dress?
tunica recta
123
What color was the flammeum?
saffron
124
With respect to Roman marriage, what was the flammeum?
saffron colored veil
125
With respect to Roman marriage, what was a sponsalia?
betrothal/engagement
126
When might a woman say the phrase "ubi tu Gaius, ego Gaia"?
wedding
127
When would a Roman woman dedicate her bulla?
The night before her wedding
128
To whom would a Roman woman dedicate her bulla on the eve of her wedding?
Lares
129
With respect to Roman marriage, what was a pronuba?
Matron of honor
130
When were the kalends of any given month?
1st of the month
131
For most months, what day were the Nones?
5th
132
For most months, what day were the Ides?
13th
133
For what 4 months were the Nones on the 7th and the Ides on the 15th?
March, May, July, October
134
In addition to the Kalends, Nones, Ides, all of May, and half of June, why was it unlucky to marry on August 24th, October 5th, and November 8th?
The gates of the underworld were open
135
What name is given to the common law marriage?
usus
136
What name is given to the wedding ceremony that involves a fictitious sale of the bride?
coemptio
137
What type of Roman marriage ceremony, named for the spelt on the cake, is primarily for the upper class?
confarreatio
138
What name is given to the procession of the wedding party to the forum?
deductio
139
What chief priest in Ancient Rome was elected for life?
Pontifex Maximus
140
At what age would a Roman girl start her term as a Vestal Virgin?
6
141
For how long must a woman serve as a Vestal Virgin?
30 years (10 learning, 10 working, 10 teaching)
142
What was the primary function of a Vestal Virgin?
Keep sacred flame of Vesta burning
143
Who was the only man allowed in the temple of Vesta?
Pontifex Maximus
144
What type of priest in Ancient Rome checks the sky for omens (birds/lightning)?
augur/auspex
145
What type of priest in Ancient Rome checks the guts of animals for omens (2 hears are bad)?
Haruspex
146
Who were the priests of Mars, so named for a type of jumping dance they performed?
Salii
147
Who were the Roman household gods?
Lares
148
What name is given to the shrine for the household gods?
Lararium
149
Who were the gods of the cupboards?
Penates
150
With respect to Roman naming, what was the first name?
Praenomen
151
With respect to Roman naming, what was the family name?
nomen
152
With respect to Roman naming, what was the name for branch of family?
cognomen
153
With respect to Roman naming, what was the earned name (nickname)?
agnomen
154
Identify all parts of the Roman name: Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus.
Publius (praenomen)
Cornelius (nomen)
Scipio (cognomen)
Africanus (agnomen)
155
What was subligaculum?
Underwear
156
What garment (like a long t-shirt) was worn by everyone?
tunica
157
What type of toga was all white and worn by men over 16?
toga virilis/libera/pura
158
What type of toga, so named for its bright white color, was worn by men running for office?
toga candida
159
What type of toga was worn by men in mourning?
toga pulla/sordida
160
What was a stola?
woman's dress
161
What was a palla?
woman's shawl
162
What was a fibula?
broach/pin
163
What was a bulla?
child's good luck charm
164
What were calcei?
outdoor shoes
165
What were soleae?
indoor sandals
166
What was a petasus?
broad-brimmed hat
167
What was a pileus?
cap of freedom
168
In a Roman house, what was the atrium?
entry hallway/large meeting room
169
In a Roman house, what was the compluvium?
hole in roof of atrium that allows water in
170
In a Roman house, what was the impluvium?
basin in the atrium that catches water
171
In a Roman house, what were the alae?
wings (hallways) off of the atrium?
172
In a Roman house, what were the imagines?
busts of ancestors housed in the alae
173
In a Roman house, what was the tablinum?
master's office
174
In a Roman house, what was the triclinium
dining/living room
175
In a Roman house, what was the culina?
kitchen
176
In a Roman house, what was the cubiculum?
bedroom
177
In a Roman house, what was the peristylium?
outdoor garden with columns
178
In a Roman house, what was the hortus?
regular garden
179
What did the Romans call breakfast?
ientaculum
180
What did the Romans call lunch?
prandium
181
What did the Romans call dinner?
cena
182
What's the Ancient Roman equivalent to fast food?
thermopolium
183
What two names are given to fish sauce?
garum & liquamen
184
Literally "second table", what did the Romans call dessert?
secunda mensa
185
What three words did the Romans use for an appetizer?
gustatio, promulsis, antecena
186
What was mulsum?
wine mixed with honey
187
What was mulsa?
Fermented honey and water
188
What was mustum?
grape juice
189
What was acetum?
vinegar
190
What was a comissatio?
drinking party
191
On which side of their body would a Roman recline while they ate?
left side
192
What "master of the drinking" would decide the games and wine portions?
rex/magister bibendi
193
How many seats would each couch in a triclinium have?
3
194
What "queen of the roads" ran from Rome to Capua before later extending to Brundisium?
Via Appia
195
Which road ran through the Roman Forum?
Via Sacra
196
What name did the Romans give the Mediterranean Sea?
Mare Nostrum ("our sea")
197
What did the Romans call their law court?
basilica
198
What did the Romans call their senate house?
curia
199
What did the Romans call their underground sewer system?
Cloaca Maxima
200
What did the Romans call their apartment buildings?
insulae
201
What did the Romans call their firemen/police?
vigiles
202
What name was given to the lightweight, 2-wheeled vehicle?
cisium
203
What name is given to the comfortable and large 4-wheeled carriage?
raeda
204
What name is given to the litter carried by 4 slaves?
lectica
205
At a Roman funeral, what name is given to the professional mourners?
Praeficiae
206
At a Roman funeral, what name was given to the dirges?
neniae
207
At a man's funeral, the oldest son would shake his father three times and call his name as part of a process by what name?
conclamatio
208
At a Roman funeral, what name is given to a stone coffin?
sarcophagus
209
At a Roman funeral, what name is given to the underground chamber for urns holding the ashes of a cremated person?
columbarium
210
What name is given to an empty tomb?
cenotaphium
