FL 2 CP

Question 1

function (4) of spleen

Answer 1

1. filters blood
2. removes old/damaged RBC
3. serves as blood reservoir
4. also imp for immune response bc it produces and stores WBC and antigens

Question 2

what is the pKa of histadine

Answer 2

pKa is 6
- so if pH is < 6 then histidine is protonated in its side chain (+1 charge)
- BUT if pH > 6 then histidine is deprotonated in its side chain (-1 charge)

Question 3

what is the charge of the amino and carbonyl groups on amino acids

Answer 3

amino tends to be +1 and carbonyl tends to be -1
- BUT it depends on the pH

Question 4

why is RNA susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis

Answer 4

RNA are less stable compared to DNA partially bc of their susceptibility to alkaline hydrolysis due to the presence of hydroxyl group at 2’-C position

Question 5

what happens when a light hits a mirror 30 degrees from the normal

Answer 5

it reflects at 30 degrees, remember use Law of reflection θi = θr

Question 6

when light passes through different material when does it refract toward/away from the normal

Answer 6

• when light goes from low n to high n, light slows down and bends TOWARD normal
• when light goes from high n to low n, light speeds up and bends AWAY from normal

Question 7

what is a ligand

Answer 7

a molec that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex

Question 8

what occurs during an oxidation rxn

Answer 8

there is a change in oxidation states, norm a gain (loss of h or loss of e-)

Question 9

what is saponification

Answer 9

a BASE mediated hydrolysis of an ester

Question 10

rate the wavelengths of red, green and blue

Answer 10

red has longest (620 - 750 nm) , green is in the middle (490-570 nm) and blue has the shortest wavelength (450-495 nm)

Question 11

how is the refractive index affected in blue vs red light

Answer 11

the refractive index is higher for blue than red light because the refractive index increases as the wavelength decreases (n = c/v)
- the blue light would bend more sharply toward the axis than the red light so image of blue obj would be formed closer to lens

Question 12

if there is a meso compound what do you know about the chiral centers

Answer 12

if molec is meso compound, and its chiral centers are across the internal line of symmetry, then the chiral centers must have opposite configurations

Question 13

Imp to know about Sn2 rxns

Answer 13

• they do not work well w tertiary substrates bc the nucleophile needs to attack at same time as LG leaves and tertiary substrates are sterically hindered
• they invert stereochemistry
• works best with primary substrates
• 1 step rxn, NO intermediates

Question 14

what are primary, secondary, and tertiary substrates

Answer 14

it refers to how many carbon atoms are attached to the carbon w the LG
- primary means carbon is attached to only 1 other carbon atom
- secondary means carbon is attached to 2 other carbon atom
- tertiary means carbon is attached to 3 other carbon atom

Question 15

if there are no carbs in body, what does the body use for E

Answer 15

body switches to fats for E and ketone bodies are increased

Question 16

what is used to treat epilepsy

Answer 16

ketogenic diet

Question 17

person with untreated type 1 diabetes would have decreased…?

Answer 17

decreased glucose inside of cells, so cells would “starve” even though blood glucose is high which would lead to the breakdown of fats for E leading to ketosis and often dangerous increases in ketosis

Question 18

in gas chromatography, if a molecule needs to have a short retention time and a high Rf then what type of molecule is it

Answer 18

short retention time = low boiling pt compound
high Rf = nonpolar compound
- so the compound is nonpolar and w a low bp