Flash Cards
(231 cards)
1
Q
aberrant ventricular conduction–
Aberrant - departing from accepted standard
A
A delayed depolarization of the right and left ventricles represented as a wide QRS complex.
2
Q
ablation–
A
Surgical scarring or destroying the heart tissue that triggers or sustains an abnormal heart rhythm.
3
Q
accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR)–
A
A ventricular arrhythmia with a rate between 40 and 120 beats per minute.
4
Q
acidosis–
A
A condition characterized by excessive acid in the body fluids or tissues.
5
Q
ACLS
A
Advanced Cardiac Life Support. A set of algorithms for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and other life-threatening cardiovascular emergencies.
6
Q
action potential
A
Change of electrical intensity within the heart to generate a heartbeat and maintain circulation.
7
Q
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
A
Suspected or confirmed presence of acute myocardial ischemia or infarction. Classified as unstable angina, NSTEMI, and STEMI.
8
Q
acute myocardial infarction
A
The condition that is caused by a shortage of blood flow to the heart muscle and causing tissue damage. Usually as the result of a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries or branches.
9
Q
acute pericarditis
A
Inflammation around the sac surrounding the heart/pericardium.
10
Q
alkalosis
A
An excessive alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissues that results in weakness or cramps.
11
Q
anatomical landmarks
A
Biologically meaningful loci that can be unambiguously defined and repeatedly located with a high degree of accuracy and precision.
12
Q
angina pectoris
A
Severe pain in the chest, often spreading to the shoulders, arms, and neck, caused by inadequate blood supply to the heart.
13
Q
angina
A
A type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
14
Q
angle of Louis
A
A palpable angle between the manubrium and body of the sternum.
15
Q
antecubital space (AC)
A
A triangular cavity of the elbow that contains a tendon of the biceps, the median nerve, and the brachial artery. The inside of the elbow.
16
Q
anterior infarction
A
Necrosis located at the anterior or lateral portion of the left ventricle.
17
Q
anterior STEMI
A
A ST-elevation myocardial infarction that occurs on the front wall of the heart and the most serious.
18
Q
arrhythmia
A
any deviation or irregularity of normal sinus rhythm or rate change of the heartbeat.
19
Q
artifact
A
Electrocardiographic alterations, not related to cardiac electrical activity. Distortion of the baseline and waves due to motion, shaking, or other rhythmic movement.
20
Q
asystole
A
The most serious and irreversible form of cardiac arrest with total cessation of electrical activity of the heart causing no contraction or blood circulation.
21
Q
atria
A
Each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles.
22
Q
atrial bigeminy
A
A PAC appears after each sinus beat within an arrythmia.
23
Q
atrial couplet
A
Two consecutive PACs within an arrythmia.
24
Q
atrial fibrillation
A
An irregular, rapid heart that causes palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
25
atrial flutter
The atria of the heart beat too rapidly that creates atrial contractions that are faster than the ventricular contractions.
26
atrial runs
Three or more PACs within an arrythmia.
27
atrial tachycardia
An arrhythmia where the electrical impulse originates from an ectopic pacemaker and creates a rapid heart rate.
28
atrioventricular (AV) bypass tract
Remnants of the AV conduction pathway during embryological development caused by failure of the fibrous separation between the atria and ventricles.
29
atrioventricular (AV) dissociation
Occurs when separate pacemakers are pacing portions of the heart independently at different rates.
30
atrioventricular (AV) heart block
A type of heart block that occurs when the electrical impulse travels from the atria to the ventricles.
31
atrioventricular (AV) junction
The area of junction between the AV node and the bundle of His.
32
atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
An abnormally fast arrhythmia that originates in the AV node and creates a reentry pathway.
33
atrioventricular (AV) node
Part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the passage of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
34
atrioventricular (AV) reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
An abnormally fast arrhythmia that originates above the ventricles, in the atria or AV node and creates a reentry pathway.
35
atrium (plural: atria)
The upper chambers of the heart that empties blood into the ventricles.
36
augmented unipolar leads
EKG limb leads that measure the voltage in any one direction.
37
automaticity
Capable of spontaneous depolarization of an action potential.
38
beta blockers
A group of medications used to manage abnormal heart rhythms, lowers the heart rate, and blood pressure. Also referred to as beta-adrenergic blockers.
39
bigeminy
A cardiac rhythm in which each normal beat is followed by an abnormal one.
40
biphasic waveform
A waveform that is either partially positive or partially negative.
41
biventricular pacemaker
A pacemaker that helps the ventricles more normally by keeping the right and left ventricles pumping together by sending small electrical impulses through the pacemaker leads.
42
blocked PAC
The PAC is blocked if it reaches the AV node during refraction which does not produce a QRS complex on an EKG.
43
brady-asystolic
A ventricular rhythm with a rate below 60 beats per minute (bradycardia), including periods of absent heart rhythm (asystole), or both.
44
bundle branches
Ventricular extension of the bundle of His that transmits an action potential from the bundle of His to the Purkinje fibers.
45
bundle of His
Bundle of cardiac muscle fibers that transmits electrical impulses.
46
calcium channel blockers
A group of medications that blocks the entry of calcium into the muscle cells of the heart and arteries creating conduction delays and QRS widening.
47
cardiac arrest
A sudden cessation of function of the heart.
48
cardiac catheterization
The insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel in the heart. This is done both for diagnostic and interventional purposes.
49
cardiac enlargement
Dilation of cardiac chambers or hypertrophy of heart muscle fibers.
50
cardiac tamponade
A syndrome caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space that reduces ventricular filling.
51
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
An emergency life-saving procedure performed during the cessation of breathing and the conduction of a heartbeat. CPR provides rescue breathing and chest compressions that usually occurs after an electric shock, heart attack, or drowning.
52
cardioversion
A medical procedure that restores a normal rhythm in certain arrhythmias.
53
catecholamines
A neurohormone produced by the adrenal glands.
54
chronic constrictive pericarditis
Long-term inflammation of the pericardium, a sac that surrounds the heart and causing scarring, thickening, and muscle tightening.
55
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not curable. COPD includes bronchitis and emphysema.
56
circumflex coronary artery
Branch of the left coronary artery that supplies portions of the heart with oxygenated blood.
57
coarse AF (atrial fibrillation)
Atrial fibrillation that will produce high amplitude f waves that resemble atrial flutter.
58
commotio cordis
Sudden cardiac arrest in healthy patients who receive nonpenetrating chest trauma that triggers VF, which can occur during sports, motor vehicle, or motorcycle accidents.
59
conduction
The transmission of electrical impulses between surrounding structures.
60
conductivity
The ability to transmit electrical impulses between surrounding structures.
61
congestive heart failure (CHF)
A chronic and progressive condition that affects the pumping ability of the heart. Fluid buildup around the heart causes ineffective pumping.
62
contractility
The ability of the heart muscle to contract.
63
contraction
The process of a muscle becoming shorter and tighter; the result of action potentials to tighten atrial and ventricular muscles.
64
coronary artery disease (CAD)
Hardening and narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart.
65
coupling interval
The interval between QRS of the preceding normal beat.
66
current of injury
Abnormal current flowing and creating ST segment deviations as a result of injury/ischemia to the heart during an MI.
67
deflection
The positive or negative waveform that represents the heart’s electrical activity on an EKG.
68
Delta wave
A slurred upstroke in the QRS complex and associated with a short PR interval.
69
depolarization
The activation of an action potential to contract heart muscles.
70
digitalis glycosides
A group of medications used to treat congestive heart failure or cardiac arrhythmia and helps the heart beat more forcefully.
71
digoxin (Lanoxin)
A cardiac glycoside used as cardiac stimulant in treating cardiac conditions and arrhythmias.
72
dilation
The action of becoming wider or larger
73
early repolarization (ER) pattern
Elevation of the QRS-ST junction (J point) with late J point notching.
74
Ebstein’s anomaly
A tricuspid valve malformation.
75
echocardiogram
A test produced by ultrasound waves to create a visual display and determine the action of the heart.
76
ectopic beats
An irregular heartbeat.
77
ectopic focus
The structural cardiac origin causing an irregular heartbeat.
78
ectopic rhythm
An irregular heart rhythm as the result of a premature heartbeat.
79
Einthoven’s triangle
An imaginary triangle with the heart at the center, formed by the axes of the bipolar limb leads.
80
electrical alternans
A beat-to-beat shift in the QRS axis as a result of the heart swinging in the excess fluid.
81
electrocardiogram (EKG)
The measure and record of the heartbeat produced by electrocardiography.
82
emphysema
A condition where the alveoli of the lungs are damaged and enlarged causing shortness of breath. Usually falls under the umbrella term COPD.
83
endocardium
The membrane that lines the inside chambers of the heart.
84
epicardium
The membrane that creates the outer surface of the heart.
85
escape rhythm
An irregular or blocked rhythm created by a secondary pacemaker when the SA node fails to create impulses.
86
failure to capture
The ventricles fail to respond to pacemaker or ICD impulses and the pacing spike is not followed by a QRS complex.
87
failure to pace
Occurs when the pacemaker or ICD does not generate an electrical impulse and appears as a missing pacing spike on an EKG.
88
failure to sense
Occurs when the pacemaker of ICD does not recognize myocardial depolarization and appears as pacing spikes that occur earlier or closely following the QRS complex on an EKG.
89
fascicular block
A block that involves the anterior or posterior fascicle bundle branch characterized by QRS prolongation and QRS axis deviation.
90
fine AF (atrial fibrillation)
Atrial fibrillation that creates very rapid and almost isoelectric fibrillatory waves that are sometimes confused as atrial systole.
91
first degree AV block
An atrioventricular block characterized with a PR interval greater than 0.20 seconds without disruption of atrial or ventricular conduction.
92
fixed coupling
An approximately equal interval between each PVC.
93
focal atrial tachycardia
An arrhythmia characterized as a rapid regular rhythm from an area in the atria.
94
heart rate variability (HRV)
Variation of time between heartbeats measured in a beat-to-beat interval.
95
heart rhythm
The waveform of all three heartbeats is identical at the origin.
96
high-degree (advanced) AV block
A type of AV heart block that appears with multiple (two or more) consecutive nonconducted P waves.
97
high-lateral STEMI
ST-elevation myocardial infarction localized to leads I and aVL.
98
His-Purkinje network
Responsible for the electrical transmission from the AV node to the muscular cells to produce ventricular contraction.
99
holter monitor
A type of ambulatory elecgtrocardiography device used for cardiac monitoring for at least 24 hours.
100
hypercalcemia
A higher than normal calcium blood serum level. A normal calcium serum level is 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL.
101
hyperkalemia
A higher than normal potassium blood serum level. A normal potassium serum level is 3.6 to 5.3 mmol/L.
102
hypermagnesemia
A higher than normal magnesium blood serum level. A normal magnesium serum level is 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL.
103
hyperthyroidism
Overactivity of the thyroid gland that results in rapid heart rate and increased rate of metabolism. The severe form is referred to as Graves’ disease.
104
hypertrophy
Increase of muscle cells or fibers.
105
hypocalcemia
A lower than normal calcium blood serum level. A normal calcium serum level is 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL.
106
hypokalemia
A lower than normal potassium blood serum level. A normal potassium serum level is 3.6 to 5.3 mmol/L.
107
hypomagnesemia
A lower than normal magnesium blood serum level. A normal magnesium serum level is 1.7 to 2.2 mg/dL.
108
hypothermia
The condition of having abnormal and dangerously low body temperature, often defined as lower than 95°F.
109
hypothyroidism
Abnormally low activity of the thyroid gland that results in a slow heart rate and decreased rate of metabolism. The severe form of hypothyroidism is referred to as myxedema.
110
implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD)
An electric device used to terminate fatal ventricular arrhythmias and give a patient a life-saving shock or defibrillatory shocks.
111
inferior infarction
Necrosis located at the inferior portion of the left ventricle.
112
inferior STEMI
A ST-elevation myocardial infarction that occurs at the bottom wall of the heart.
113
infranodal block
A block that originates within the bundle of His bundle branches that are often display a wide QRS complex with a slower ventricular rate of less than 40 beats per minute.
114
intercostal space
The spaces between ribs. There are 11 on each side of the body, and they are numbered according to the rib which is the superior border of the space.
115
interpolated
A PVC that appears precisely between two regular beats.
116
intraventricular conduction delay
A widened QRS appearance unrelated to either left or right bundle branch block.
117
ischemia
Inadequate blood supply to the heart.
118
isoelectric waveform
A waveform that is neither positive or negative and rests on the baseline.
119
isorhythmic (atrioventricular) AV dissociation
The independent and equal beating of atrial and ventricular pacemakers in the absence of retrograde conduction from ventricular depolarization to the atria.
120
J point
The point where the QRS complex ends and the ST segment begins.
121
left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD)
Branch of the left coronary artery.
122
left atrial abnormality (LAA)
The presence of atrial hypertrophy, dilation, or both, which produces left atrial enlargement.
123
left bundle branch block (LBBB)
An abnormality that affects cardiac conduction to the heart’s left ventricle.
124
left main coronary artery (LCA)
An artery that arises from the aorta and supplies blood to the left side of the heart.
125
left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
An enlargement and hypertrophy of the left ventricle.
126
limb leads
A unipolar ECG lead that is placed in a limb.
127
long QT syndrome
A subclassification of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia arrhythmias with characteristic QT interval prolongation.
128
manifest bypass
A pathway that can conduct the electrical system in both ways, from the atria to the ventricles and reversed.
129
midaxillary line
The imaginary line through the axilla (armpit) parallel to the long axis of the body.
130
midclavicular line
An imaginary line parallel to the long axis of the body and passing through the midpoint of the clvaicle on the ventral surface of the body.
131
mitral valve
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.
132
Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach) second degree (atrioventricular) AV block
A type of AV block that is characterized by prolongation of the PR interval and consecutive beats followed by a blocked P wave.
133
Mobitz Type II second degree (atrioventricular) AV block
A type of AV block characterized by nonconducted P waves not preceded by PR prolongation and not followed by PR shortening.
134
monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Ventricular tachycardia where the QRS complexes look-alike in a given lead.
135
multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)
An arrhythmia where multiple pacemakers compete with each other to pace the heart and produces a rapid heart rate.
136
myocardial infarction
myocardial cell death caused by prolonged ischemia.
137
myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart muscle.
138
myocardium
The middle muscular layer of the heart.
139
nodal block
Occur when the AV node creates a narrow QRS complex with a ventricular escape rate greater than 40 beats per minute.
140
nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Ventricular tachycardia that lasts for 30 seconds or less.
141
normal R wave progression
The normal increase in size of the R wave when viewing the chest leads and progressing from V1 to V6.
142
normal sinus rhythm (NSR)
The regular rhythm and heart rate that originates from the SA node.
143
NSTEMI (Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction)
Myocardial infarction that does not cause ST elevation.
144
Osborn waves
A deflection with a hump occuring at the R-ST junction (J point).
145
P pulmonale
A nonspecific finding of COPD and characteristic of tall, narrow P waves in leads II, III, and aVF. A component of cor pulmonale.
146
P wave
Represents the activated depolarization of the atria.
147
pacemaker syndrome
An occurrence where the patient feels symptomatically worse after pacemaker implantation.
148
pacemakers
An artificial electronic device intended to correct or compensate for abnormalities of cardiac impulse generation, such as sinus node dysfunction; or conduction
149
palpitations
A sensation that the heart is racing, pounding, fluttering, or skipping a beat, often bothersome.
150
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
An abnormal fast heartbeat that originate above the ventricles in the atria or AV node. Also known as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).
151
perfuse
To supply an organ or tissue with blood by circulating it through blood vessels.
152
pericardial effusion
An accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity causing an increased intrapericardial pressure that can affect the function of the heart.
153
pericardium
The membrane that surrounds the heart.
154
plaque
A buildup of cholesterol, white blood cells, calcium, and other substances in the walls of arteries.
155
polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Ventricular tachycardia with QRS variations of shape, direction, and occasional beat to beat rate.
156
potassium channel blockers
A group of medications that act by inhibiting potassium entering potassium channels that delays repolarization and increases the duration of an action potential.
157
PR interval
Indicates the length of time the impulse takes to travel through the atria and the AV junction.
158
precordial leads (V leads)
Represent the heart’s orietnation on a transverese plane, providing a three-dimensional view.
159
premature atrial contraction (PAC)
A common arrhythmia characterized by premature atrial beats. Also referred to as atrial premature complexes (APC), atrial premature beats (APB), or premature atrial complexes.
160
premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
A ventricular arrhythmia characterized by extra heartbeats that originate in either the left or right ventricles. Also referred to as ventricular premature beats (VPB).
161
prinzmetal (variant) angina (PVA)
Recurrent episodes of chest pain that usually occurs when a patient is at rest.
162
proarrhythmic drug effects
A side effect of antiarrhythmic medication administration that creates a new or more frequent occurrence of pre-existing arrhythmias.
163
pseudoinfarct pattern
Pattern that occurs when Q waves appear in the absence of MI.
164
pulmonary embolism (PE)
A blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from an area in the body through the bloodstream (embolism) to the lungs.
165
purkinje fibers
Specialized muscle fibers that transmits electrical impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.
166
Q wave
The first negative deflection of the QRS complex.
167
QRS complex
Represents the activation and depolarization of the ventricles.
168
QS wave
A QRS complex missing the R wave.
169
QT interval
The time at the beginning of the Q wave to the end of the T wave that represents ventricular depolarization.
170
R on T phenomenon
A timed PVC will appear near the peak (positive) or trough (negative) of the preceding normal beat’s T wave.
171
R prime waves (R’)
Extra positive waves in a QRS complex.
172
R wave
The first positive deflection of the QRS complex.
173
radioactive dye
Also called contrast dye. A substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging.
174
reciprocity
Creates electrical waves in the opposite direction between the anterior and inferior leads.
175
reentrant
An abnormal conduction pathway that connects the atria and ventricles.
176
repolarization
The restoration of the heart muscle to its resting state.
177
respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)
A normal variation of sinus rhythm where the heart rate decreases with expiration and increases with inspiration.
178
retrograde direction
Moving in a backwards or reverse direction.
179
right bundle branch block (RBBB)
An abnormality that affects cardiac conduction to the heart’s right ventricle.
180
right coronary artery
The artery that supplies blood to the right atrium, ventricles, and the SA node.
181
right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)
A condition with an abnormal enlargement of the cardiac muscle surrounding the right ventricle.
182
RR interval
the time distance between the QRS complexes from one R point to the next R point.
183
S prime waves (S’)
Extra negative waves in a QRS complex.
184
S wave
The negative deflection following the R wave of the QRS complex.
185
second degree (atrioventricular) AV block
A block that affects the electrical conduction system and atrial impulses fail to conduct to the ventricles.
186
silent myocardial infarction
The presence of a myocardial infarction in the absence of physical symptoms such as discomfort, dyspnea, or nausea.
187
silent myocardial ischemia
The presence of myocardial ischemia in the absence of physical symptoms such as discomfort, dyspnea, or nausea.
188
sinoatrial (SA) node
A small specialized muscle tissue within the wall of the right atrium that acts as the pacemaker of the heart and able to spontaneously depolarize.
189
sinus arrest
The condition where the SA node ceases to generate electrical impulses that normally stimulate the myocardium to contract and create heartbeats.
190
sinus bradycardia
A heart rate less than 60 beats per minute produced by normal sinus rhythm.
191
sinus node dysfunction
A condition that produces inappropriate atrial rates as a result of a dysfunction of the SA node.
192
sinus rhythm
The sinoatrial (SA) node is pacing the electrical impulses with a normal heart rate and rhythm.
193
sinus tachycardia
A heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute produced by normal sinus rhythm.
194
skin protectant
A product that temporarily protects injuried or exposed skin from harmful or annoying stimuli.
195
sodium channel blockers
A group of medications that impair the conduction of sodium ions through sodium channels and slows the rate and amplitude of initial rapid depolarization.
196
ST segment
Represents the phase after the QRS complex to the beginning of the T wave and represents ventricular depolarization on an EKG.
197
standard bipolar leads
EKG limb leads that measure the electrical differences between each leg.
198
STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction)
Myocardial infarction caused by a blockage in one of the coronary arteries or its branches.
199
sternal border
The bilateral edges of the long, flat vertical bone situated in front of the thorax. Attached to the collarbone and the first seven pairs of ribs.
200
subendocardial ischemia
Inadequate blood supply to the heart that does not affect the full thickness.
201
subendocardium
A layer beneath the endocardium or between the endocardium and the myocardium.
202
subepicardium
A layer beneath the epicardium or between the epicardium and the myocardium.
203
submaximal testing
Controlled EKG testing to diagnose coronary artery disease while the patient exercise and stopped when predetermined factors are met.
204
sudden cardiac death
The situation where an individual that sustains an unexpected cardiac arrest and dies without resuscitation within about an hour of the development of acute symptoms.
205
supraventricular arrhythmias
An arrhythmia that originates in the SA node, atrial myocardium, or AV node.
206
sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Ventricular tachycardia that occurs longer than 30 seconds or requires direct current (DC) for stabilization.
207
tachyarrhythmia
An arrhythmia with a rapid irregular heartbeat greater than 100 beats per minute. Also refers to tachycardia.
208
third degree (atrioventricular) AV block
A block in which the nerve impulse generated by the SA node atrium does not propagate to the ventricles. An ectopic pacemaker takes over conduction as a result of blockage at the SA node.
209
torsades de pointes (TdP)
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with long QT interval and a rapid, irregular QRS complex.
210
transcutaneous pacing
Temporary pacing used when electrical abnormalities are expected to resolve in a short time, usually used in emergencies. Delivers pulses of electrical impulses through the chest that stimulates the heart to contract.
211
transducer
A device that generates ultrasound energy and bounces this off body tissues to make echoes. These signals are sent to the computer to create a visual representation.
212
transition zone
The point where the QRS complex changes from negative to positive around the V3 or V4 position.
213
transmural ischemia
Inadequate blood supply to the heart that affects the entire thickness of the cardiac muscle, from the endocardium to the epicardium.
214
tricuspid valve
The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart.
215
trigeminy
A three-beat rhythm in which every third beat is abnormal.
216
troponin
A protein complex involved in cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction. Elevated troponin levels indicate heart complications. The normal troponin range is between 0 and 0.4 ng/mL.
217
T-wave
Represents the repolarization of the ventricles on an EKG.
218
unifocal
A single location.
219
U-wave
Represents the finalization of ventricular repolarization.
220
vagal tone
The activity of the vagus nerve and component of the parasympathetic nervous system that regulates relaxation.
221
ventricle
The lower chambers of the heart that receives blood from the atria.
222
ventricular aneurysms
A common complication after a myocardial infarction that creates a bulging in the wall or lining of a blood vessel at the base of the septum or within the aorta.
223
ventricular arrhythmias
An arrhythmia that originates below the AV node on the ventricular side of the node.
224
ventricular bigeminy
A sequence of one normal beat followed by one premature ventricular contraction (PVC).
225
ventricular fibrillation (VF)
A ventricular arrhythmia that occurs when the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses
226
ventricular flutter
A ventricular tachyarrhythmia with a rate over 250 to 350 beats per minute, characterized by a sinusoidal waveform without clear QRS and T wave definition.
227
ventricular quadrigeminy
A sequence of three normal beats followed by one premature ventricular contraction (PVC).
228
ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Three or more consecutive premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).
229
ventricular trigeminy
A sequence of two normal beats followed by one premature ventricular contraction (PVC).
230
ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction
Cardiac conduction that begins in the ventricles or the AV node and then to the atria. Also referred to as retrograde conduction.
231
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome
An extra electrical pathway in the heart that often leads to tachycardia.
