Flash cards science term 1
cellular respiration
the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide, and water.
ATP
the standard unit in which the energy released during respiration is stored.
Cell Membrane
found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
semi-permeable
a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized “facilitated diffusion”
osmosis
movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules,
diffusion
movement of individual molecules of a substance through a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
haemoglobin
a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates.
erythrocyte
A type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood.
arteriole
blood vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood from your heart to all of your body’s cells.
venule
the smallest veins and receive blood from capillaries.
mechanical digestion
physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles to efficiently undergo chemical digestion.
chemical digestion
the process where complex molecules like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are broken down into smaller pieces that your body can use.
enzyme
proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies.
bolus
food that has been chewed and mixed in the mouth with saliva.
peristalsis
The rippling motion of muscles in the intestine or other tubular organs is characterized by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the muscles that propel the contents onward.
