Flash Cards Study
(24 cards)
What is demography?
Demography is the science that researches and describes a population. Population is not just about numbers. It affects and is affected by economic security, culture, healthcare, migration, and environmental impact.
What are the demography researches?
Size: Amount of people of a certain population (Example: 100 inhabitants)
Composition: population characteristics (Example: How many women/men)
Distribution of human populations: How people are distributed in the territory (Example: If there is more people on the cities or in certain areas of a territory)
What are the core aspects of demographic analyses?
Births, deaths and migration
What is Carrying Capacity?
Maximum population an environment can support.
What is Overuse pressure?
Even a small population can stress resources through high consumption.
What is Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
Is a tool used in demography and geography to show how populations change over time in relation to economic development. It explains the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country industrializes and modernizes
Population Pyramid
Visualizes age and sex structure of populations; useful to predict trends and plan resources.
Expansive Pyramid
High birth/death rates, more youth (developing countries)
Constrictive Pyramid
Low birth/death rates, aging population (developed countries)
Stationary Pyramid
Balanced age distribution
Fertility
Definition: The natural ability to have children.
Impact: Increases the population.
Migration
Definition: The movement of people between countries.
Types:
Immigration
Emigration
Net Migration
Net Migration
Net Migration = Immigration - Emigration
Inmigration
People moving into a country (increases population)
Emigration
People moving out of a country (decreases population)
Mortality
Definition: Death of individuals within a population.
Impact: Decreases population.
Population Change Equation
New Population = Initial Population
+ Births
- Deaths
+ Immigration
- Emigration
Poverty
Is defined in the dictionary as “the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. Poverty is said to exist when people lack the means to satisfy their basic needs”
What is a basic need?
If we describe basic needs we naturally mention the fundamental resources and support people need to survive, this are physical needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing. But we can consider as well social and psychological needs, such as education, health care and social participation.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs: air, water, shelter food, sleep, clothing and reproduction.
Safety needs: personal security, employment, resources, health and property.
Love and belonging, friendship, intimacy, family and sense of connection.
Esteem: respect, status, recognition, freedom, self-stem and status.
Self actualization: desire to become the most that one can be.
3 Pillars of Public Health
Health Promotion, Health Protection, and Disease Prevention
Health Promotion
Focuses on enabling individuals and communities to improve their health by adressing social and physical determinants
Health Protection
Involves the use of Laws,regulations and coordinated governmental efforts to shield populations from external health threats such as environmental hazards or infectious diseases
Diseases Prevention
Refers to efforts that reduce the risk of disease
