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Science Year 8 Revision > Flashcards > Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a renewable energy source?

A

An energy source that does not run out.

Examples include wind, solar, and geothermal energy.

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2
Q

Name the five renewable energy resources.

A
  • Wind
  • Water
  • Geothermal
  • Biomass
  • Solar

These resources are sustainable and can be replenished naturally.

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3
Q

What is hydroelectric energy?

A

Falling water turns a turbine that generates electricity.

This process harnesses the energy of flowing water.

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4
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

Thermal energy transferred and stored in the Earth.

It can be used for heating and electricity generation.

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5
Q

What is light?

A

A transverse wave.

Light can travel through a vacuum and various media.

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6
Q

Why do we see objects?

A

They either give off light or light reflects off of them.

This is essential for vision.

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7
Q

What does luminous mean?

A

Gives off light.

Examples include the sun and light bulbs.

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8
Q

What is the relationship between light going into a mirror and the reflected light?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

This principle is fundamental in optics.

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9
Q

What is refraction?

A

Bending of light when it changes speed going into different materials.

This effect can be observed with lenses.

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10
Q

How is light dispersed?

A

By a prism or a raindrop. The colours separate.

This phenomenon creates a spectrum of colors.

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11
Q

What colours make up white light?

A
  • Red
  • Orange
  • Yellow
  • Green
  • Blue
  • Indigo
  • Violet

These colors can be remembered using the acronym ROYGBIV.

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12
Q

How do we see coloured objects?

A

The colour of the object is reflected, all other light is absorbed.

This is why an object appears a certain color.

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13
Q

What are the units of pressure?

A

Pascals, Pa.

Pressure is defined as force per unit area.

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14
Q

How does sound travel?

A

Waves called Sound Waves

Sound requires a medium to propagate.

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15
Q

How do we measure sound?

A

Using a microphone and an oscilloscope.

This allows visualization of sound waves.

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16
Q

What is conduction?

A

Conduction is where energy is transferred by the vibrating particles in a substance. The energy is transferred from a hotter region to a cooler region.

This process is important in heat transfer.

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17
Q

What is a renewable energy source?

A

An energy source that does not run out.

Examples include wind, solar, and geothermal energy.

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18
Q

Name the five renewable energy resources.

A
  • Wind
  • Water
  • Geothermal
  • Biomass
  • Solar

These resources are sustainable and can be replenished naturally.

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19
Q

What is hydroelectric energy?

A

Falling water turns a turbine that generates electricity.

This process harnesses the energy of flowing water.

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20
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

Thermal energy transferred and stored in the Earth.

It can be used for heating and electricity generation.

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21
Q

What is light?

A

A transverse wave.

Light can travel through a vacuum and various media.

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22
Q

Why do we see objects?

A

They either give off light or light reflects off of them.

This is essential for vision.

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23
Q

What does luminous mean?

A

Gives off light.

Examples include the sun and light bulbs.

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24
Q

What is the relationship between light going into a mirror and the reflected light?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

This principle is fundamental in optics.

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25
What is refraction?
Bending of light when it changes speed going into different materials. ## Footnote This effect can be observed with lenses.
26
How is light dispersed?
By a prism or a raindrop. The colours separate. ## Footnote This phenomenon creates a spectrum of colors.
27
What colours make up white light?
* Red * Orange * Yellow * Green * Blue * Indigo * Violet ## Footnote These colors can be remembered using the acronym ROYGBIV.
28
How do we see coloured objects?
The colour of the object is reflected, all other light is absorbed. ## Footnote This is why an object appears a certain color.
29
What are the units of pressure?
Pascals, Pa. ## Footnote Pressure is defined as force per unit area.
30
How does sound travel?
As a pressure wave with alternating high and low pressure - either through air or another medium like water. ## Footnote Sound requires a medium to propagate.
31
How do we measure sound?
Using a microphone and an oscilloscope. ## Footnote This allows visualization of sound waves.
32
What is conduction?
Conduction is where energy is transferred by the vibrating particles in a substance. The energy is transferred from a hotter region to a cooler region. ## Footnote This process is important in heat transfer.
33
What is the unit and unit symbol for energy?
Joule, J
34
What is an energy store?
How energy is kept by an object ready to be used.
35
What are the eight energy stores?
Thermal, Kinetic, Gravitational, Chemical, Elastic, Electrostatic, Magnetic, Nuclear.
36
What are the four energy pathways?
Mechanical working, Radiating, Heating, Electrical working.
37
What is the equation for work done?
Work done = Force x distance
38
What are fossil fuels?
Substances formed over millions of years from the remains of plants and animals in the earth.
39
What are the three main fossil fuels?
Crude oil, natural gas, coal.
40
What is combustion?
A chemical reaction involving a fuel and oxygen that produces carbon dioxide and water.
41
What is the National Grid?
A system of transformers and cables that supply homes and businesses with electricity.
42
What is a renewable energy source?
An energy source that does not run out.
43
Name the five renewable energy resources.
Wind, water, geothermal, biomass and solar.
44
What is hydroelectric energy?
Falling water turns a turbine that generates electricity.
45
What is geothermal energy?
Thermal energy transferred and stored in the Earth.
46
What is light?
A transverse wave.
47
Why do we see objects?
They either give off light or light reflects off of them.
48
What does luminous mean?
Gives off light.
49
What is the relationship between light going into a mirror and the reflected light?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
50
What is refraction?
Bending of light when it changes speed going into different materials.
51
How is light dispersed?
By a prism or a raindrop. The colours separate.
52
What colours make up white light?
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
53
How do we see coloured objects?
The colour of the object is reflected; all other light is absorbed.
54
What are the units of pressure?
Pascals, Pa.
55
What is meant by double circulatory system?
Blood passes through the heart twice. The right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
56
Why is a double circulatory system important?
To ensure cells get blood full of oxygen and not a mix of oxygenated and deoxygenated.
57
Where does respiration take place in a cell?
In the mitochondria.
58
What are the two types of respiration that take place in all living things?
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
59
What do the words aerobic and anaerobic mean?
Aerobic – With oxygen. Anaerobic – Without oxygen.
60
What are the word equations for aerobic and anaerobic respiration in animals?
Aerobic = glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water Anaerobic = glucose → lactic acid.
61
What is a solvent?
A liquid that dissolves substances.
62
Give 2 examples of solvents.
Water, nail varnish remover.
63
What is a solute?
The substance that is dissolved by a liquid.
64
Give 3 examples of solutes.
Sugar, salt, coffee granules.
65
What is a solution?
A solute dissolved in a solvent.
66
Give 3 examples of solutions.
Tea, salt water, coffee.
67
What does 'dissolve' mean?
When a solute mixes completely with a solvent.
68
What does 'soluble' mean?
A substance that will dissolve in a liquid.
69
What does 'insoluble substance' mean?
A substance that will not dissolve in a liquid.
70
What is a saturated solution?
A solution where no more solute can dissolve.
71
What three things affect solubility?
Temperature of the solvent, what solute you have, what solvent you have.
72
What is diffusion?
The process whereby particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
73
What is pressure?
How a force is spread over an area.
74
What is the unit and unit symbol for pressure?
Pascal (Pa).
75
What is the equation for pressure?
Pressure = force + area.
76
What is filtration?
The process of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid.
77
What is a filtrate?
A liquid or solution which has passed through a filter.
78
What is residue?
The solid substance left over at the end of filtration.
79
What is meant by crystallisation?
The process of separating a soluble solute from a liquid.
80
How is the process of crystallisation carried out?
The solution is warmed in an open container.
81
What does distillation separate?
Soluble solutes from a solvent or a mixture of liquids.
82
What 5 processes are involved in distillation?
Heat, boil, evaporate, condense and collect.
83
What is ink chromatography used for?
Separating compounds in ink.
84
Why is the line on the chromatography paper drawn in pencil?
So it does not dissolve in the solvent and get drawn up the paper.
85
How much solvent (e.g. water) has to be put in the beaker during chromatography?
It needs to be below the start line.
86
What organs make up the digestive system?
Liver, Oesophagus, Stomach, Pancreas, Gallbladder, Small intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus.
87
What is a villi and how are they adapted to carry out their function?
Finger-like structures in the small intestine - specialised by having a large surface area, thin wall and good blood supply.
88
What is the difference between a tissue and an organ?
A tissue is a group of cells with a similar function, whereas an organ is made of tissues with different functions.
89
What are the main nutrients?
Water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats (lipids), vitamins, minerals, fibre.
90
What is an enzyme?
Biological catalyst that speeds up reactions in your body.
91
Where is amylase released?
Small intestine, Salivary glands, Pancreas.
92
Where is protease released?
Small intestine, stomach, pancreas.
93
Where is lipase released?
Pancreas, small intestine.
94
What chemical is used to test for starch?
Iodine.
95
What chemical is used to test for glucose?
Benedict's Solution.
96
What chemical is used to test for lipids?
Ethanol.
97
What chemical is used to test for proteins?
Biuret solution.
98
What is the colour of a positive result for starch?
Turns blue/black.
99
What is the colour of a positive result for glucose?
Turns brick red, orange, green or yellow.
100
What is the colour of a positive result for lipids?
Turns milky white.
101
What is the colour of a positive result for proteins?
Turns purple.
102
What is the difference between arteries and veins?
Veins are blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart, arteries carry blood away from the heart.
103
What are capillaries?
Blood vessels that allow gas exchange with cells.
104
What are the two key structural features of a muscle cell?
Lots of mitochondria for energy release and cells are merged so they can contract.
105
How is an artery adapted to carry out its function?
Thick muscle and elastic walls to withstand high pressure, narrow lumen.
106
How is a vein adapted to carry out its function?
It has a thin layer of muscle and elastic fibres, a large lumen and valves to prevent backflow of blood.
107
How is a capillary adapted to carry out its function?
Very thin walls made of one layer of cells and narrow lumen as wide as red blood cells.
108
What organs make up the respiratory system?
Lungs and trachea.
109
What is the role of the alveoli?
Place for gas exchange in lungs.
110
In what three ways are the alveoli adapted to carry out their function?
They have a large surface area AND thin walls AND are surrounded by capillaries.

Science Year 8 Revision (1 decks)

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