Flight

Question 1

Skeleton

Answer 1

Strong, lightweight, rigid

Enlarged keel, and sternum

Joints allow wings to fold and lock

Question 2

___ and ____ prevent collapse of chest cavity

Answer 2

Coracoids and furcula

Question 3

Key elements for flight

Answer 3

Skeleton
Large, powerful flight muscles
Reduced weight
Deliver oxygen and fuel to muscles

Question 4

Bernoulli’s Principle

Answer 4

Within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest.

Question 5

____ has greatest lift to drag ratio

Answer 5

Cambered shape

Question 6

Airfoil

Answer 6

Flight feathers, some tail feathers

Question 7

Stalling

Answer 7

Occurs at low speed

Question 8

Turbulence

Answer 8

Alula/Bastard wing prevents turbulence

If angle of attack is greater than 15 degrees, increased turbulence

Question 9

Drag

Answer 9

PO = DV

Question 10

PO

Answer 10

Power required for flight

Question 11

D

Answer 11

Drag

Induced + parasitic + profile drag

Question 12

V

Answer 12

Velocity

Question 13

Induced drag

Answer 13

Induced power overcomes induced drag

Increased speed = decreased induced drag

Question 14

Parasitic Drag

Answer 14

Parasitic power overcomes parasitic drag

Increased speed = increased parasitic drag

Question 15

Profile drag

Answer 15

Relatively small

Air friction

Question 16

Red fiber muscles

Answer 16

sustained aerobic activity

Dark meat

Question 17

White fiber muscles

Answer 17

short bursts of anaerobic activity

White meat

Question 18

Tail feathers

Answer 18

Maintain stability

Balance, turns

Question 19

Wing design

Answer 19

All wings are a compromise

Aspect ratio = length/width

Question 20

____ wings are efficient and have little tip vortex

Answer 20

High aspect

Question 21

____ wings are maneuverable and

good in dense vegetation

Answer 21

Low aspect

Question 22

As wing area increases, lift

Answer 22

increases

Question 23

Body size

Answer 23

Area increases as a square

Volume as a cube

Question 24

High Aspect Wings

Answer 24

Long and narrow

Dynamic soaring

Difficult take off and landing

Question 25

High Speed Wing

Answer 25

Pointed, no slots, flat No soaring High speed aerial captures

Question 26

Elliptical wings

Answer 26

Short, low aspect, round Rapid acceleration No soaring Maneuverable, not efficient

Question 27

Spotted High Lift Wings

Answer 27

Broad wings, slots Soar on thermals Large birds benefit from soaring