Flight Instruments, Displays Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the function of the DISPLAYS SOURCE selector

A

AUTO:
- allows DEU 1 to drive the captain’s outboard, captain’s inboard and upper display units while
- DEU 2 drives the first officer’s outboard, first officer’s inboard and lower display units.
- Provides automatic switching from both DEUs to one DEU in case of single DEU failure

ALL ON 1 or 2: (used on ground for MX purposes)
- selects either DEU1 or DEU 2 to drive all 6 displays

Note:
DEU - Display Electronic Unit

VOL 2 / 10.3.2

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2
Q

Explain the function of the DISPLAYS CONTROL PANEL select switch

A

NORMAL:
- Left EFIC control panel controls captain’s displays
- Right EFIS control panel controls first officer’s displays

BOTH ON 1 or 2:
- both pilots displays are set to the selected pilot’s EFIS control panel

Note: When in the NORMAL position, a DISPLAYS CONTROL PANEL annunciation illuminates below the altitude indication showing a failure of the associated EFIS control panel

EFIS - Electronic Flight Instrument System

VOL 2 / 10.3.2 & 10.1.9.3

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3
Q

Describe the alert associated with a DEU failure

A

DSPLY SOURCE (amber) on the lower left corner of the PFD

Note: if a DEU fails, the remaining DEU automatically supplies data to all six displays. A single DEU failure will continue to supply each pilot with flight instrument information from independent sources. If the displays are automatically or manually switched to a single DEU source, a “DSPLY SOURCE” annunciation illuminates on BOTH PFDs below the airspeed indicator

Note:
DEU - Display Electronic Unit

VOL 2 / 10.1.9.2

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4
Q

Explain what the PLI indicates

A

Indicates pitch limit (stick shaker activation for existing flight conditions)

Note: calculated by the SMYDs. The airplane’s fuzzy eyebrows.

PLI - Pitch Limit Indicators

VOL 2 / 10.1.4.1

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5
Q

Locate on the PFD, the selected MCP altitude, airspeed, heading and V/S

A

Commanded information is displayed in magenta on the PFD. Selected MCP speed and altitude commands are displayed on the top of the altitude and airpseed tapes. Commanded heading is displayed on the compass and the commanded vertical speed is displayed to the right of the altitude tape on a tape and pointer.

VOL 2 / 10.8.6 & 10.1.1.2 & 10.1.1.5

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6
Q

Explain the meaning of the Max Speed Bar (red and black barber pole) on the airspeed tape

A

Bottom of the bar indicates the maximum speed as limited by the lowest of the following:
- Vmo/Mmo
- landing gear placard speed
- flap placard speed

Note: that’s when the high speed clicker goes off

VOL 2 / 10.1.2.1

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7
Q

Explain the meaning of the Min Speed Bar (red and black barber pole) on the airspeed tape

A

Top of bar indicates the speed and which stick shaker occurs

VOL 2 / 10.1.2.2

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8
Q

Explain the meaning of the green Speed Trend Vector

A

Tip of the green arrow indicates predicted airspeed in the next 10 seconds based on the current airspeed and acceleration or deceleration

VOL 2 / 10.1.2.1

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9
Q

Explain the meaning of the Maximum Maneuver Speed Bar (amber) when flaps are not up (landing).

A

When flaps are not up, bottom of the bar indicates flap limit placard speed for the next NORMAL flap setting. The display logic is based on a NORMAL flap setting sequence of 1, 5, 15, 30. The bar is removed when the flap lever is moved to the landing flap selected in the APPROACH REF pafe or when the flap lever is moved to flaps 40

VOL 2 / 10.1.2.2

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10
Q

Explain the meaning of to Maximum Maneuver Speed Bar (amber) when the flaps are up

A

Bottom of the bar indicates the airspeed that provides a 1.3g maneuver margin to high speed buffet. May be displayed at high altitude with flaps up, at relatively high gross weights.

VOL 2 / 10.1.2.1

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11
Q

Explain the meaning of the Minimum Maneuvering Speed Bar (amber) with flaps extended

A

Top of bar indicates minimum maneuvering speed

VOL 2 / 10.1.2.2

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12
Q

Recall the speed of the single white bug (sharks tooth) during takeoff

A

V2+15

Note: the maneuver speed provides margin to stick shaker for an inadvertent 15 degree overshoot beyond the normal 25 degree angle of bank

VOL 2 / 10.1.2.2

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13
Q

Explain when the single white bug (sharks tooth) is displayed ruing approach

A

Single white bug is displayed after selection of VREF in the FMC

VOL 2 / 10.1.2.2

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14
Q

Recall the speed of the single white bug during approach

A

VREF+20

Note: Displayed after selection of VREF. Indicates target airspeed in the event an engine is lost during approach.

VOL 2 / 10.1.2.2

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15
Q

Describe the PFD Radio Altitude display

A

Displays current radio altitude on the bottom of the attitude indicator:
- Displays below 2500 ft AGL
- Box highlighted white for 10 seconds upon descent below 2500ft
- Turns amber when below radio altitude minimums

VOL 2 / 10.1.4.5

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16
Q

Describe the Landing Altitude Indication (amber) at the bottom of the altitude tape

A

The cross hatched area indicates the FMC landing altitude for the new destination runway or airport OR
- the landing altitude for departure or runway

VOL 2 / 10.1.5.3

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17
Q

Describe the PFD Vertical Speed Indications

A

Vertical Speed Pointer (white): indicates current vertical speed

Selected Vertical Speed Bug (magenta): indicates the speed selected in the MCP vertical speed window with V/S pitch mode engaged

Vertical speed (white): digital numbers displayed vertical speed when greater than 400 fpm. The display is located above the vertical speed indication when climbing and below when descending

TCAS Vertical Speed Tape (red for an RA): Tape turns red to indicate vertical speed values to avoid or exit during a TCAS resolution advisory (RA). Vertical speed pointer is also red if it is within the vertical speed tape range

VOL 2 / 10.1.6.1

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18
Q

Recall the location and purpose of the PFD Approach Reference indication

A
  • The Approach Reference Indicator is displayed on the upper left hand corner of the PFD
  • Displayed the selected ILS/IAN identifier or frequency, appraoch front course, and ILS/DME/FMC distance and source annunciation

Note: if the tuned ILS frequencies disagree, the frequency turns amber with an amber horizontal line through it. If the approach courses entered in the MCP disagree, the course turns amber with an amber horizontal line through it.

What we check and say “good identifier to” ha

VOL 2 / 10.1.4.3

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19
Q

Explain the indications of a Resolution Advisory (RA) and where they are displayed

A
  • Aural directions such as “CLIMB, CLIMB” or “DESCEND, DESCEND”
  • Intruder aircraft symbol turns red, displayed on the ND in MAP, center MAP or VOR and APP modes
  • Avoidance maneuver area displayed in red on the PFD
  • TCAS Vertical Speed Tape turns red to indicate vertical speed values to avoid or exit during a TCAS resolution advisory. Vertical speed pointer is red if it is which the vertical speed tape range

Note: ND - Navigation Display

VOL 2 / 10.1.4.6 & 15.2.11

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20
Q

Describe the slip/skid indicator

A

Displaces beneath the bank pointer to indicate slip or skid:
- fills white at full scale deflection
- turns amber if bank angle is 35 degrees or more; fills amber if the slip/skid indication is also at full scale deflection

VOL 2 / 10.1.4.1

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21
Q

Locate actual aircraft heading on the PFD and ND

A

PFD - actual aircraft heading is under the white (inverted triangle) currently heading pointer on the compass rose

ND - actual aircraft heading is under the white (inverted triangle) current heading pointer on the outer edge of the compass rose (not in PLAN mode)

Note: the ND shows track up, not heading up. ND - Navigation Display

VOL 2 / 10.1.7.1

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22
Q

Describe where groundspeed and true airspeed are displayed

A

Top left of ND when the EFIS selector is in the MAP, VOR, APP and PLAN modes

Note: ND - Navigation Display

VOL 2 / 10.1.10.1

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23
Q

Describe where wind direction and speed are displayed

A

Top left of ND below GS / TAS

Note: ND - Navigation Display

VOL 2 / 10.1.10.1

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24
Q

Describe TCAS traffic displays and symbols

A

TCAS Traffic Symbols: indicates position of traffic targets. Displayed in MAP, center MAP, VOR and APP modes with TFC selected on the EFIS control panel:
- Red Square: TCAS Resolution Advisory (RA)
- Amber Circle: TCAS Traffic Advisory (TA)
- White Diamond: TCAS Proximate traffic
- Arrow: Traffic climbing or descending at a rate greater than or equal to 500fpm
- TRAFFIC: Displayed on the ND whenever a TCAS RA or TA is active, whether or not TFC is selected on the EFIC Control Panel
- OFFSCALE: Displayed whenever RA or TA traffic is outside ND range

Note: ND - Navigation Display

VOL 2 / 10.8.6.9

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25
Q

Explain what the Altitude Range Arc indicates during a climb or descent (the green banana)

A

Based on vertical speed and groundspeed, indicates the approximate map position where the MCP altitude will be reached

VOL 2 / 10.8.6.3

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26
Q

Show where the Active Waypoint/ETA/Distance-To-Go are displayed on the ND (Navigation Display)

A

The Active Waypoint/ETA/Distance-To-Go are displayed in the MAP and PLAN modes on the top right corner of the ND

VOL 2 / 10.1.10.1

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27
Q

Explain how approach minimums are set on the EFIS control panel

A

Minimums (MINS) Reference Selector (outer knob with two positions):
- RADIO - selects radio altitude as the minimums reference
- BARO - selects barometric altitude as the minimums reference

Minimums (MINS) Selector (middle knob - slew)
- ROTATE - adjusts the radio or baro minimums altitude

Minimums (MINS) Reset (RST) Switch (Inner push button)
- PUSH - resets the alter minimums annunciation AND blanks minimums display if alert is not active

VOL 2 / 10.3.1.1

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28
Q

Explain the function of the EFIS Control Panel Mode Selector (outer and center)

A

EFIS - Electronic Flight Instrument System

Mode Selector (outer):
Selects the desired display.

APP:
- displays localizer and glideslope information in heading - up format
- displays reference ILS receiver, ILS frequency or identification, course and DME
(weather radar and TCAS are not displayed in center APP mode)

VOR:
- displays VOR navigation information in heading-up format
- displays reference VOR receiver, VOR frequency or identification, course, DME and TO/FROM information
(weather radar and TCAS are not displayed in center VOR mode)

MAP:
- displays FMC generated route and MAP information, airplane position, heading and track, in a track-up format
- displays waypoints, including the active waypoint, within the selected range
- displays VNAV path deviation

PLN:
- displays a non-moving, true north up, route depiction
- the airplane symbol represents actual airplane position and orientation
- allows route-step-through using the CDU LEGS page
(weather radar and TCAS are not displayed)

Center (CTR) Switch (inner)
PUSH:
- displays full compass rose (center) for APP, VOR & MAP modes
- subsequent pushes alternate between center with VSD, expanded and center without VSD

VOL 2 / 10.3.1.2

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29
Q

Recall how to select STD for the altimeters when passing through the transition level

A

Push - STD located in the BARO selector knob on the EFIS Control Panel

VOL 2 / 10.3.1.1

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30
Q

Explain the heading orientation if the PLAN mode is selected on the EFIS control panel

A

True north is up

VOL 2 / 10.3.1.2

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31
Q

Explain how the map scale differs when in the center map mode

A

Aircraft symbol is located in the center of the ND. The full compass rose is displayed for APP, VOR, and MAP modes. Subsequent pushes of the CTR switch alternate between map, center map and center map with VSD

VOL 2 / 10.3.1.2

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32
Q

Recall what is displayed with each of the EFIS Control Panel MAP Switches

(FML)

A

Left to right:

WXR (weather radar) - energizes weather Radar Transmitter and Displays weather radar returns in MAP, center MAP, VOR and APP modes

STA (station) - displays FMC data base navigation aids

WPT (waypoint) - displays the waypoints in the FMC database which are not in the flight plan route if the selected range is 40nm or less

ARPT (airport) - displays all airports which are stored in the FMC database within the viewable map area

DATA - displays altitude constraints, and estimated time of arrival for each route waypoint

POS (position) - displays IRS positions, GPS positions and VOR bearing vectors extended from the nose of the airplane symbol to manually tune stations

TERR (terrain) - displays GPWS generates terrain data in MAP, center MAP, VOR and APP modes

VOL 2 / 10.3.1.2

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33
Q

Recall what ND advisory message is annunciated if in the EFIS APP mode with a VOR tuned

A
  • EFIS MODE/NAV FREQ DISAGREE

VOL 2 / 10.1.14.2

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34
Q

Describe the PFD failure flags displayed for inoperative flight instruments

A

Boxed amber alerts replace failed flight instruments

BOXED AMBER

VOL 2 / 10.1.8

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35
Q

Recall what indications will be displayed to indicate excessive glide slop and localizer deviation on the PFD

A

At low radio altitudes (with autopilot engaged), the appropriate scale turns amber and the pointer flashes to indicate excessive glideslope/glidepath or localizer/FAC deviation

AMBER FLASHES

VOL 2 / 10.1.4.3

36
Q

Recall the locations and purpose of the PFD Scale ID Annunication

A
  • displayed above the left corner of ADI
  • indicates the source of displayed deviation for each scale

ADI - Attitude Direction Indicator aka Attitude Indicator

VOL 2 / 10.1.4.3

37
Q

Describe the PFD Navigation Performance Scales (NPS) Indications

A

Are you joking?

NPS Deviation Scale:
- lateral NPS deviation scale represents current FMC lateral RNP (Required Navigation Performance)
- vertical NPS deviation scale represents current FMC vertical RNP

AKA there’s a scale and a little rectangle that shows where you actually are within those limits

Anticipation Cues:
- unfilled white diamond symbol is displayed if valid approach course deviation information is being received

Note: anticipation cues (white diamonds) are displayed to indicate underlying approach roll and pitch information (ie LOC or FAC and G/S or G/P) while the NPS pointers (magenta triangles) display current vertical (VNAV) and lateral (LNAV) paths relative to the airplane

NPS Pointer (magenta triangle):
- pointer is filled magenta when it is not parked at a deflection limit
- pointer is unfilled outline when at deflection limit aka get your shit together
- indicates lateral/vertical paths relative to the airplane

Note: will flash for 10 seconds if pointer is within ANP bar limits for 5 continuous seconds

Actual Navigation Performance (ANP) Bars:
- originate from outer scale and expand inward as a function of increasing ANP (indicates amount of error in the system)

Note:
- Bars would touch at center of scale if ANP equals RNP
- Bars turn white to amber if current deviation is within the ANP bar limits for 10 continuous seconds

That was bullshit.

VOL 2 / 10.1.4.2

38
Q

Recall the location and method of displaying the Vertical Situation Display (VSD)

A

The VSD is accessed by pressing the EFIS Control Panel Center (CTR) switch twice, and is displayed on the ND. The VSD represents a profile view of the airplane and the environment along the current track. Information shown within the cyan dashed lines (enroute corridor/ swatch) on the ND is shown in profile on the VSD.

ESV-SA question - the below statements are true:
- It uses same color coding that is used to depict EGPWS terrain on the lateral map
- It represents the highest points of the terrain below and ahead of the airplane
- It represents the highest terrain within the enroute swath

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

Note: VSD - Vertical Situation Display

VOL 2 / 10.3.1.2

39
Q

Recall the purpose of the Vertical Situation Display Terrain Profile

A

Boeing’s attempt at giving you terrain information but it doesn’t account for a future turn

Represents the highest terrain within the enroute swath.
- highest points of the terrain below and ahead of the airplane
- terrain is depicted so the true altitude separation between the airplane and terrain is shown

Note: the definition of Swath:
- the space covered by the stroke of a scythe or the cut of a mowing machine.
- the piece or strip so cut.

VOL 2 / 10.1.10.2.4

40
Q

Recall the function of the VOR Switch on the EFIS panel

A

Displays VOR information on all navigation modes except PLAN.

VOR - displays the selected VOR bearing pointer, frequency or identification and DME

OFF - removes the VOR displays

ADF - inoperative (yessss)

VOL 2 / 10.3.1.2

41
Q

The active waypoint is displayed in the top right corner of the Navigation Display (ND) in which display modes?

A

MAP and PLAN

Note: NOT the VOR or APP modes

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

42
Q

The EFIS Control Panel Mode Selector in the APP position displays…

A

localizer and glideslope information in heading-up format

Looks like a traditional ILS

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

43
Q

When are TCAS symbols displayed?

Select all that apply

A
  • When EFIS control panel traffic (TFC) switch is selected ON
  • Whenever a TCAS RA or TA is active, whether or not TFC is selected on the EFIS control panel

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

44
Q

What are the indications of a TCAS RA alert?

A

All of the above

  • Intruder aircraft symbol turns red on the ND
  • Avoidance maneuver area displayed in red on the PFD
  • Aural directions such as “CLIMB, CLIMB”

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

45
Q

What is the function of the DISPLAYS CONTROL PANEL Select switch on the forward overhead panel

A
  • BOTH on 1 or 2 - switches the displays to a single EFIS control panel
  • NORMAL - Left EFIS control panel controls Captain’s displays
  • NORMAL - Right EFIC control panel control’s First Officer’s displays

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

46
Q

A DSPLY SOURCE annunciation on the PFD indicates…

A

A single DEU failure

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

47
Q

How are approach minimums set?

A

With the Minimums Reference Selector (MINS) on the EFIS control panel

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

48
Q

True or False:
ARPT MAP switch displays airports which are stored in the FMC database?

A

TRUE

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

49
Q

On the EFIS control panel, where is the Barometric Standard switch located?

A

In the middle (STD) of the BARO selector knob

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

50
Q

True or False:
NPS deviation scale represents current FMC lateral RNP

A

TRUE

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

51
Q

WXR MAP switch displays…

A

displays weather radar returns

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

52
Q

In a descent, the green altitude range arc (banana) indicates…

A

the approximate map position where the MCP altitude will be reached

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

53
Q

True or False:
On takeoff the single white bug displayed is at V2+15

A

TRUE

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

54
Q

What is displayed on the PFD Approach Reference Indicator?

Select all that apply

A
  • ILS/IAN identifier or frequency
  • Approach front course
  • ILD/DME/FMC distance and source annunciation

Note: wind speed and direction is top left corner of the ND, not the PFD

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

55
Q

What is displayed on the Navigation Display (ND) by selecting VOR switch on the EFIS control panel?

A

All of the above

  • VOR bearing pointer
  • Frequency or identification
  • DME (if available)

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

56
Q

What Advisory message is displayed on the NP map if in the EFIS APP mode with a VOR tuned?

A

EFIS MODE/NAV FREG DISAGREE

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

57
Q

On which display can you find wind direction and speed?

A

ND - Navigation Display

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

58
Q

What does the Pitch Limit Indicator (PLIs) indicate?

A

Pitch limit (stick shaker activation for existing flight conditions)

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

59
Q

Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding the PFD Scale ID Annunciation?

A
  • Indicates the source of displayed deviation for each scale
  • Displayed above the left corner of the Attitude Indicator (ADI)

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

60
Q

The Maximum Maneuver Speed bar (amber)…

select all that apply

A
  • May be displayed at high altitudes with flaps up, at relatively high gross weights
  • indicates airspeed that provides 1.3g maneuver margin to high speed buffet

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

61
Q

The amber crosshatched area on the altitude tape could indicate

select all that apply

A
  • the FMC landing altitude for the destination runway
  • the FMC landing altitude for the destination airport
  • the landing altitude for the departure runway or airport

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

62
Q

The Maximum Maneuver Speed bar (amber):

select all that apply

A
  • May be displayed at high altitudes with flaps up, at relatively high gross weights
  • indicates airspeed that provides 1.3g maneuver margin to high speed buffet

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

63
Q

The Slip/Skid Indicator fill white…

A

at full-scale deflection

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

64
Q

What is the function of the ALL ON 1 or ALL ON 2 position of the DISPLAYS SOURCE Selector?

A

Manually switches all display units to a single DEU

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

65
Q

What happens if the airspeed reaches the red and black MIN speed bar on the airspeed tape?

A

Stick shaker occurs

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

66
Q

The CTR switch displays the full compass rose in which of the following modules?

A

All of the above

  • APP
  • VOR
  • MAP

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

67
Q

True or False:
POS MAP switch displays altitude constraints and estimated time of arrival for each active route waypoint

A

FALSE

The DATA button does that. POS shows the IRS positions (Captain showed me this on ETOPS)

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

68
Q

Radio Altitude is displayed on the PFD when:

A

2500ft AGL

69
Q

True or False:

A

Actual Navigation Performance (ANP) bar originates from outer scale and expand inward as a function of increasing ANP relative to RNP.

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

70
Q

WPT MAP switch displays…

A

displays waypoints in the FMC database

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

71
Q

True or False:
DATA MAP switch displays IRS/GPS position and VOR bearing vectors to the station

A

FALSE

DATA MAP shows altitude constraints and estimated time of arrival for each active route waypoint

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

72
Q

True or False:
A boxed amber PFD failure flag replaces the appropriate display to indicate source system failure

A

TRUE

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

73
Q

On the PFD, click on the MCP selected vertical speed bug

A

(the magenta line on the vertical speed tape)

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

74
Q

On approach…

A

the single white bug VREF+20 is displayed after selection of VREF

Note: Displayed after selection of VREF. Indicates target airspeed in the event an engine is lost during approach.

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

75
Q

A flashing LOC or G/S pointer and an amber deviation scale indicate:

A

excessive LOC or G/S deviation

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

76
Q

TERR MAP switch displays…

A

GPWS generated terrain data

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

77
Q

Which statement(s) is/are TRUE concerning the Vertical Situation Display (VSD) Terrain Profile?

Select all that apply

A
  • It uses same color coding that is used to depict EGPWS terrain on the lateral map
  • It represents the highest points of the terrain below and ahead of the airplane
  • It represents the highest terrain within the enroute swath

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

78
Q

Which statement(s) is/are TRUE concerning the VSD?

A
  • VSD is accessed by pressing the EFIS Control Panel Center (CTR) switch twice (when in MAP)
  • VSD is displayed on the Navigation Display (ND)
  • VSD represents a profile view of the airplane and its environment along the current track

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

79
Q

True or False:
Anticipation cue is displayed if valid approach course deviation information is being received while corresponding NPS scale and pointer are displayed

A

TRUE

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

80
Q

The bottom of the red and black MAX speed bar on the airspeed tape may indicate:

A

Vmo/Mmo, landing gear placard or flap placard limit

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

81
Q

Where is actual aircraft heading found when VOR is selected on the navigation display?

A

Under the inverted triangle on the outer edge of the compass rose

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

82
Q

With flaps extended, the top of the Minimum Maneuver Speed bar (amber):

A

indicates minimum maneuvering speed

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

83
Q

True or False:
STA MAP switch displays FMC database navigation aids

A

TRUE

STATION = NAV AIDS

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

84
Q

The speed trend vector indicates predicted airspeed in the next:

A

10 seconds

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

85
Q

True or False:
On approach the single white bug is at VREF +20?

A

TRUE

Note: Displayed after selection of VREF. Indicates target airspeed in the event an engine is lost during approach.

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

86
Q

NPS pointer represents current FMC lateral RNP

A

FALSE

NPS pointer - indicates lateral/vertical paths relative to the airplane

  • lateral NPS deviation scale represents current FMC lateral RNP (Required Navigation Performance)
  • vertical NPS deviation scale represents current FMC vertical RNP

AKA there’s a scale and a little rectangle that shows where you actually are within those limits

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

87
Q

How is groundspeed displayed on the Navigation Display (ND)?

A

it is displayed automatically on the top left of the ND

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments

ESV-SA: Flight Instruments