Flight Physiology/Gas Laws

Question 1

What to do in the event of a crash?

Answer 1

-Ensure safety restraints
-Turn off oxygen
-Knees to chest and follow pilot commands

Question 2

What to do immediately after a crash?

Answer 2

Follow pilot commands and exit immediately

Question 3

Know what to do after the crash

Answer 3

Shelter is #1 priority

Question 4

What is the ELT (Emergency Location Transmitter) Frequency?

Answer 4

121.5 MHZ

Question 5

When is ELT activated?

Answer 5

When forces of 4 G’s or greater are experienced

Question 6

What organization is responsible for all downed aircraft SAR (search and rescue)?

Answer 6

Civil Air Patrol which works under the United States Airforce

Question 7

Pitot Tube (Pilot Tube)

Answer 7

Used to measure fluid flow and velocity. Wind speed

Question 8

What are the rules regarding a “sterile cockpit”

Answer 8

No conversation during take off, landing, or emergency procedures

Question 9

Levels of atmosphere from lowest to highest

Answer 9

Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere

Question 10

Minimum weather conditions for flying daytime?

Answer 10

Local/non-mountainous: 800 ft and 2 miles

Local/mountainous: 800 ft and 3 miles

Question 11

Minimum weather conditions for nighttime?

Answer 11

Local/non-mountainous: 800 ft and 3 miles

Local/mountainous: 1000 ft and 3 miles

Question 12

What is a NVG?

Answer 12

Night Vision Goggles

Question 13

Minimum candlepower for a helicopter spotlight?

Answer 13

400,000 candlepower

Question 14

Name this Gas:

Pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume (pressure up, volume down)

Answer 14

Boyles law

Question 15

Failing to zero a transducer, what happens

Answer 15

Either over damp or under damp.

Up and over, worry about over damping

Down and under, down in altitude will under damp

Question 16

If pressure is constant, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to temperature. (Temp goes up, volume goes up)

Think c for Celsius

Answer 16

Charles law

Question 17

If volume is constant, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. (Temp up= pressure up)

what happens to an oxygen tank fills up and it heats up the cylinder (pressurized it)

Answer 17

Guy- Lussac’s law

Question 18

Partial pressure law

The percentage of oxygen does not change regardless of elevation BUT the partial pressure of oxygen will change with the total atmospheric pressure.

Answer 18

Daltons Law

Question 19

How to calculate changes in FiO2 due to elevation change?

Answer 19

(FiO2 x pressure 1) / pressure 2 = FiO2 change needed for ascent

Ex: (0.4 x 780) / 500 = 0.62

Question 20

The solubility of a gas is directly proportional to its partial pressure. Partial pressure up= Solubility up

This is why oxygenation is improved with PEEP and FiO2.

Decompression sickness for divers would apply to this law

Answer 20

Henry’s Law

Question 21

The rate of a diffusion of a gas across a membrane is inversely proportional to it’s total molecular mass and directly proportional to its solubility.

Gas molecules will take longer to diffuse across a membrane, however if that gas is more soluble then it’s diffusion increases.

Answer 21

Graham’s Law

Question 22

Barobariotrauma

Answer 22

Condition where bariatric patients have larger amounts of nitrogen dissolve out of their fat tissue upon ascent to a lower atmospheric pressure.

Question 23

How to reverse barobariotrauma

Answer 23

Preoxygenate before the flight to “wash out” all the nitrogen. NRB

Question 24

What is barosinusitis?

Answer 24

Inflammation of the sinuses during pressure changes. Typically occurs during ACSENT

Question 25

What is barodontalgia?

Answer 25

Tooth ache caused by elevation changes. Typical occurs on ASCENT.

Question 26

What is Barotitis Media?

Answer 26

Failure of the middle ear to equalize to changing atmospheric pressures. Typically occurs during DESCENT.

Question 27

What are the 4 types of Hypoxia?

Answer 27

Hypoxic hypoxia Histotoxic hypoxia Hypemic hypoxia Stagnant hypoxia

Question 28

What is hypoxic hypoxia?

Answer 28

Hypoxia that occurs at altitude. Lack of oxygen.

Question 29

What is histotoxic hypoxia?

Answer 29

Something preventing normal uptake or use of oxygen by cells despite adequate delivery. Example is CO or cyanide poisoning. Creates a left shit

Question 30

What is hypemic hypoxia?

Answer 30

Hypoxia caused by inadequate oxygen delivery due to lack of red blood cells/ hemoglobin. (Anemia) Potentially needs blood transfusion

Question 31

What is stagnant hypoxia?

Answer 31

Lack of blood flow caused by excessive G forces.

Question 32

How often do flight helmets get checked?

Answer 32

Annually minimum

Question 33

What is flicker vertigo?

Answer 33

Low frequency flickering as light passes through blades

Question 34

How far must your flight suit be able to pull away from the body?

Answer 34

1/4”

Question 35

Why is considered a long range flight?

Answer 35

Anything over 3 hours

Question 36

PIC qualifications for rotary wing

Answer 36

2,000 hrs total flight time 1,200 hours in a helicopter 1,000 hours as a PIC

Question 37

PIC qualifications for FIXED wing

Answer 37

2,000 hrs total flight time 1,000 hours as PIC 100 hrs at night as PIC

Question 38

What rule is: No weather minimums (PIC assumes risk)

Answer 38

Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) 91

Question 39

Number 1 CAUSE in air medical crashes is what?

Answer 39

Human (pilot) error

Question 40

Number 1 FACTOR in air medical crashes is?

Answer 40

Weather

Question 41

What do you do if you encounter bad weather while enroute?

Answer 41

Divert to the nearest facility

Question 42

What is VFR? And what does it mean?

Answer 42

Visual Flight Rules You can fly only in weather conditions you can see where you’re flying

Question 43

What is IFR and what does it mean?

Answer 43

Instrument Flight Rules Weather conditions do not allow safe flight by sight alone, pilot must be able to use instruments to fly

Question 44

How large must a HLZ be to land?

Answer 44

100’x100’