Floral Morphology

Question 1

Plasticity

Answer 1

Changes in morphology in response to environment (i.e wind)
Differs per species

Question 2

Floral Organs

Answer 2

Carpel
Stamen
Sepal

Question 3

Sepal

Answer 3

Outer part of flower, enclosed bud

Question 4

Petal

Answer 4

Modified leaves surround reproductive parts

Question 5

Stamens

Answer 5

Male fertilizing organ (anthem + filament)
Produces pollen grain which fertilizes female ovule

Question 6

Carpel

Answer 6

Female reproductive part (Stigma, Style, Ovary)

Question 7

Male Gametophyte

Answer 7

Pollen
produced through Meiosis and Mitosis
Has Tube Cell

Question 8

Female Gametphyte

Answer 8

Ovule
contains egg cell
Sperm from Tube cell fertilize

Question 9

Pollination

Answer 9

Self or non self
Pollen lands on Stigma and Tube cell moves down style

Question 10

Double Fertilization

Answer 10

Angiosperm specific
endosperm nucleus (3n) - 2 polar nuclei plus sperm
zygote (2n) - egg plus sperm

Question 11

Post fertilization

Answer 11

ovule = seeds
ovary = fruit

Question 12

Seed structure

Answer 12

Embryo
Seed Coat
Endosperm

Question 13

Monocot (flowers)

Answer 13

Floral organs usually in multiples of three

Question 14

Dicots (flowers)

Answer 14

floral organs usually in multiples of four or five

Question 15

Complete v Incomplete Flowers

Answer 15

Complete: containing all floral organs (carpel, petal, sepal, stamen)
Incomplete: lacking one or more organs, some unisexual

aka perfect v imperfect

Question 16

Monoecious

Answer 16

Plant containing flowers that altogether have necessary reproducing orgnas

Question 17

Dioecious

Answer 17

flowers on a plant lack one or more sexual organs (only incomplete flowers)

Question 18

Inflorescence

Answer 18

group/cluster of flowers arranged on a stem

Question 19

Asteraceae family

Answer 19

aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family
Angiosperm
Main feature: flower head/capitulum

Question 20

Inbreeding

Answer 20

production of offspring from mating of individuals who are closely related (siblings/cousins)

Self pollination in plants
==>Inbreeding Depression

Question 21

Inbreeding Depression

Answer 21

Fitness decrease caused by inbreeding

pairing of deleterious alleles

p of deleterious recessive alleles pairing is higher

Question 22

Mechanisms to reduce self pollination

Answer 22

1. Structural
2. Stamen & carpel maturation times
3. Imperfect Flowers
4. Dioecious plants
5. Genetic Self incompatibility

Question 23

Promotion of Cross-pollination

Answer 23

Pollinator

Question 24

Pollinator

Answer 24

animal that moves pollen from anther to stigma

(fertilizes ovules by male gametes from pollen grain)

Question 25

Evolution of flowers

Answer 25

- increases efficiency of pollination - protects ovule - protects seed - aids in dispersal

Question 26

Adaptions to attract pollinators

Answer 26

Bright colors patterns Scents Nectaries

Question 27

Nectaries

Answer 27

Specialized structure - nectar producing Nectar - solution of sugar(s) that serve as attractant to pollinator (reward)