Florida Laws and Rules Flashcards
(188 cards)
1
Q
The law which governors the practice of dentistry in the state of Florida
A
Chapter 466 - Florida Statutes
2
Q
Includes the rules promulgated by the Board of Dentistry
A
Chapter 64B5 (formerly 59Q)
Florida Administrative Code
3
Q
The law that governors the Department of Health
A
Chapter 456 - Florida Statutes
4
Q
To ensure that every dentist or dental hygienist practicing in this state meets minimum requirements for safe practice without undue clinical interference by persons not licensed under this chapter
A
Legislative Purpose and Intent
5
Q
Means the Board of Dentistry
A
Board
6
Q
A person licensed to practice dentistry
A
Dentist
7
Q
The healing art, which is concerned with the examination, diagnosis, treatment planning and care of conditions within the human oral cavity and its adjacent tissues and structures
A
Dentistry
8
Q
The rendering of education, educational, preventative and therapeutic dental services, and any related extra oral procedure required in the performance of such services
A
Dental Hygiene
9
Q
A person licensed to practice dental hygiene
A
Dental Hygienist
10
Q
Includes any person firm or corporation that performs for a fee of any kind gratuitously, or otherwise, directly or through an agent or an employee by any means or method or supplies or manufacturers, artificial substitutes for the natural teeth, furnishes supplies, constructs or reproduces or repairs, any prosthetic denture, bridge or appliance to be worn in the human mouth or in anyway, represents itself as a dental laboratory
A
Dental Laboratories
11
Q
Construct or repairs dental prosthetic appliances in the office of a licensed dentist exclusively for that dentist under her or his supervision and work order
A
Dental Laboratory Technician
12
Q
How many members are on the Board of Dentistry?
A
11 members
13
Q
How many members of the board must be licensed dentists actively engaged in the clinical practice of dentistry in this state?
A
7 members
14
Q
How many members must be licensed dental hygienist, actively engaged in the practice of dental hygiene in this state?
A
2 members
15
Q
how many members must be laypersons who are not and have never been a dentist, dental hygienist, or members of any closely related professional occupation
A
2 members
16
Q
How many years must a dentist on the board be actively engaged in the practice of dentistry primarily as a clinical practitioner, immediately proceeding the date of her or his appointment to the board and must remain primarily in clinical practice during all subsequent periods of appointment to the board?
A
At least 5 years immediately preceding the date of her or his appointment to the board
17
Q
At least one member of the board must be how many years of age or older?
A
60 years of age or older
18
Q
How many year terms must members be appointed for the board?
A
4 year terms
19
Q
Members of the board may serve no more than a total of how many years?
A
10 years
20
Q
To advise the board what should the council be appointed?
A
Intent of Legislature
21
Q
Council shall include at least how many board members who shall share the council and shall include non-board members
A
At least 1 board member
22
Q
All council members shall be appointed by who?
A
Board chair
23
Q
Council member shall be appointed for how many year terms?
A
4 year terms
24
Q
What are the two main advisory councils?
A
Council of Dental Hygiene
Council of Dental Assisting
Other advisory councils that the board chair may create
25
26
Intra oral treatment task, which one performed our irreversible increase unalterable changes within the oral cavity or the contiguous structures or which cause an increased risk to the patient?
Irremediable tasks
27
What is an example of an Irremediable task?
The administration of anesthetics other than topical anesthesia
28
Intra oral treatment task which are reversible and do not create unalterable changes within the oral cavity or the contiguous structures in which do not cause an increased risk to the patient
Remediable tasks
29
Supervision whereby a dentist diagnosis the condition to treat authorizes the procedure to be performed remains on the premises while the procedures are performed and approved the work performed before dismissal of the patient
Direct supervision
30
Supervision whereby a dentist authorizes the procedure and a dentist is on the premises while the procedures are performed
Indirect supervision
31
Supervision whereby a dentist authorizes the procedures which are being carried out, but need not be present when the authorized procedures are being performed
General supervision
32
Can authorized procedures be performed at a place other than the dentist usual place of practice under general supervision?
Yes
33
Issuance of a written work authorization to a commercial dental laboratory by a dentist does not constitute which supervision?
General supervision
34
How many hours does a licensed dentist need to complete biennially of continuing professional education in dental subjects
No less than 30 hours
35
A dentist needs a minimum of how many hours on continuing education of the safety and effective prescribing of controlled substances
2 hours
36
The board may also authorize up to how many hours of credit by annual for a practice management course and include includes principles of practice management substance abuse, effective communication with patients time management and burnout prevention instruction?
3 hours
37
Continued education credits shall be earned at a rate of how many credit hours per 25 to 30 contact minutes of instruction
One-half credit
38
How many educational credits shall be earned for 50 to 60 minutes of instruction?
One credit
39
Shall board have the authority to excuse, licenses as a group or individuals from said requirements of continued education in the event of an unusual circumstance, emergency or special hardship?
Yes
40
Each licensed dental hygienist is to complete how many hours of continuing education with no more than how many hours of continuing professional education, and dental subjects?
At least 24 hours
No more than 36 hours
41
Shall the dentist and dental hygienist keep his or her records any receipts, vouchers or certificates necessary to document completion of such continuing education?
Yes
42
How many years should continuing education certificates be kept on file?
4 years
43
Do you submit proof of continuing education?
No, unless audited
44
How often do you renew CPR?
Each biennium (every 2 years)
45
How many hours of continuing education does a dental hygienist need on medical errors?
At least 2 hours
46
The board approved continuing education course on HIV and AIDS needs to be completed by?
First renewal
47
What are nontraditional ways to earn continuing education?
Up to 11 CE hours expert witness to disciplinary case
Up to 3 CE hours for each semester teaching a course ADA accredited school
Up to 4 CE hours for attending a board meeting where disciplinary cases are heard
48
1 CE credit for 1 hour of pro bono work
Maximum of 7 hours of pro bono work every biennium or what percent can come from pro bono work?
25-30%
49
Who can be exempt from CE?
Dentist or hygienist who is teaching in an accredited program
If a student is enrolled in an accredited program
Newly licensed hygienist in their first biennium
50
Can CE hours be transferred from one biennium to the next?
No
51
52
Can a licensee choose to become inactive at any time?
Yes
53
What shall the board prescribe for an inactive status?
Application fee for inactive status
Biennial renewal fee for inactive status
Delinquency fee
Fee for in activation of a license
* none of these fees may exceed the biennial renewal fee established
54
What shall the board prescribe for an inactive status of license?
Application fee for inactive status
Biennial renewal fee for inactive status
Delinquency fee
Fee for in activation of a license
* none of these fees may exceed the biennial renewal fee established by the board for an active license
55
A patient who has received examination, radiographs, and given a treatment plan
Patient of record
56
Must contain a minimum of appropriate medical history, written, dental records, patient history, exam results test results and treatment plan
Patient record
57
Shall each patient have a dentist of record?
Yes
58
Who is primarily responsible for all dental treatment on such patient regardless of whether the treatment is rendered by the dentist or another dentist, dental hygienist or dental assistant?
Dentist of record
59
Shall the dentist be identified in the record of the patient?
Yes
60
If treatment is rendered by a dentist other than the dentist of record or by a dental hygienist or assistant, what shall be placed in the record of the patient?
Name or initials of such person
61
If the dentist of record is not identified in the patient record who shall be presumed as a matter of wall for the dentist of record in which the patient was treated?
The owner of the dental practice
62
Shall the dentist of record in a multi dentist practice change?
No, unless a new treating dentist acknowledges in writing in the record that she or he is now the dentist record for the patient
63
Shall the new dentist of record have taken or reviewed the patient’s medical history and dental records examine the patient and has either developed a new treatment plan or has agreed to continue the pre-existing treatment plan?
Yes
64
Shall the dentist a record be changed when the dentist of record leaves the practice where the treatment was being rendered and the patient electric to continue treatment in the office where treatment began?
Yes
65
An owner dentist of a multi dentist practice may be relieved of the responsibility to maintain the original duplicate patient records for patient treated at the owner’s dentist practice facility if?
Upon request of the patient or patient’s legal representative, a transfer of custody of the records to another dentist, the patient, or the patient’s legal representative and retains, in lieu of, the records, a written statement, signed by the owner dentist, the person who received the records, and two witnesses, that list the date, the records that were transferred, and the persons to whom their records are transferred
66
If the patient leaves the practice where the treatment was rendered or transfers, the custody of records to the owner of the practice and retains the lieu of the records, are written statement, signed by the dentist, record the owner of the practice in two witnesses, the list the day and records that were transferred the owner shall provide reasonableaccess to duplicate records at cost
True
67
A patient’s record shall be maintained for how many years from the date of the patient’s last appointment?
4 years
68
within how many days of a dentist death, shall the dentist state or agent transfer all patient records to another Florida licensed dentist that must be accessible by each patient for at least 4 years?
90 days
69
If a dentist relocates must transfer patient records to another Florida licensed dentist for at least how many years from the date of the last examination?
4 years
70
In all cases records need to be in the same county as the practice was located
True
71
If a dentist advertises something but forgets to put an expiration date on it then the ad is good for how many days?
90 days
72
In person and telephone solicitation is prohibited
True
73
No advertisement by a licensed dentist shall contain any false fraudulent, misleading, or deceptive statement or claim or any statement of claim
True
74
No dental health licensing may represent that here she has HIV negative or free from AIDS
True
75
Any such advertisement or notice must clearly state the following
“this negative HIV test cannot guarantee that I am currently free of HIV”
True
76
When advertising HIV status you must inform the patient that current status guaranteed nothing
True
77
Any licensed dentist who uses the services of any dental laboratory shall be required to furnish the dental laboratory with a “written prescription” in a form prescribed by the rule of the board
True
78
This laboratory prescription shall be dated and signed by the dentist and shall include:
Dentist license number
Patient name or number
Sufficient description information to clearly identify each separate and individual piece of work to be performed by the dental lab
Specification of materials to be contained in each work product
79
A copy of the prescription dental lab shall be retained in a file in the prescribing dental office for a period of how many years following the date that prescription was issued?
4 years
80
The original prescription dental lab shall be retained in a file by the dental laboratory for how many years?
4 years
81
The registered dental laboratory shall disclose in writing at the time of delivery of the final restoration that the materials and all certificates of the authenticity, the constitutes each product manufactured in the point of origin and the manufacture of each restoration, including what?
Address
Contact informality of the dental laboratory
82
The file prescriptions of the dental lab to be kept by the dentist and dental laboratory shall be open to inspection at any reasonable time
True
83
Failure of the dentist to keep records of each prescription shall subject the dentist to suspension or revocation of her or his license to practice dentistry in the state
True
84
Failure of a dental laboratory that has accepted a prescription for a dental lab to have the original electronic copy of each prescription to ensure the accuracy of each products material disclosure at the time it is delivered to the pre-prescribing dentist is admissible evidence of a violation and constitutes what?
Misdemeanor of the second-degree, punishable
85
Dental laboratory, accepting prescriptions from dentist is liable for damages caused by inaccuracies in the material disclosure certificates of authenticity or point of origin, provided by the dental laboratory to the prescribing dentist
True
86
A dentist may not delegate irremediable task to a dental hygienist or dental assistant, except as provided by law
True
87
A dentist made delegate remediable task to a dental hygienist or dental assistant when such task pose no risk to the patient
True
88
Who shall designate which task are remediable and delegable
The Board by rule
89
A dentist or a physician must give medical clearance before dental hygienist, removes calculus deposits from exposed surfaces of the teeth or from two surfaces within the gingival sulcus
True
90
The dentist shall conduct a dental examination on a patient within how many months after a dental hygienist removes the patient’s calculus deposits from exposed surfaces of the teeth or from two surfaces within the gingival sulcus?
13 months
91
Is a dental hygienist authorized to perform root cleaning or gingival curettage without supervision by a dentist?
No
92
What is a dentist not able to delegate to anyone other than another licensed dentist?
Prescription of drugs or medication’s requiring the written order or prescription of a licensed dentist or physician
Any diagnosis for treatment or treatment planning
93
Emergency remediable tasks under conditions specified by the wall may be performed by the dental hygienist and assistant
True
94
In an emergency in which a dentist of record is unable to physically present to examine the patient in the patient will be seen by the dentist within how many days the following remediable task may be performed by both dental assistance and dental hygienist who hold current CPR certification without pre-examination by dentist?
3 days
95
A certified registered dental hygienist (CRDH) may administer local anesthesia in accordance with the following:
Patient must be 18 years or older
Patient must not be sedated
CRDH made administer in oral block and soft tissue infiltration anesthesia
96
Dentist can prescribe drugs and administer anesthesia and sedation, subject to scope of training
True
97
How often do dentist need CPR training?
Every 2 years
*resuscitative equipment in good working order
98
Are hygienist able to prescribe fluoride and chlorhexidine?
No, can only recommend
Dentist to prescribe
99
How many months/years is a dental hygiene prescription good for?
24 months/ 2 years
100
What must a prescription contain?
Patient name and address
Dentist name, business address, and license number
Name, business address, and professional license number of dental hygienist
Statement of specific services authorized
Statement of frequency
Original Rx shall be given to the patient and a copy to be kept with the patients chart
101
Absence of sensibility of pain, designating, particularly the relief of pain without loss of consciousness
Analgesia
102
Loss of feeling or sensation especially loss of pain
Anesthesia
103
Loss of sensation of pain in a specific area of the body generally produced by a typically applied agent or injected agent without causing the loss of consciousness
Local anesthesia
104
Controlled state of unconsciousness produced by a pharmacologic agent, accompanied by a partial or complete loss of protective reflexes, including inability to independently, maintain an airway and respond, purposefully to physical stimulation or verbal command
General anesthesia
105
Controlled state of depressed consciousness, accompanied by partial loss of protective reflexes, including either or both the inability to continuously maintain an airway independently or to respond appropriately to physical stimulation or verbal command produced by pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic method or combination
Deep sedation
106
Depress level of consciousness produced by the administration of pharmacologic substances that retain the patient’s ability to independently and continuously, maintain an airway and respond appropriately to physical stimulation and verbal command
Moderate sedation or conscious sedation
107
Depress level of consciousness is produced by the administration of pharmacologic substances that retains a child’s patience ability to independently and continuously, maintain in airway and respond appropriately to physical stimulation or verbal command
Pediatric moderate/conscious sedation
108
Pediatric moderate/conscious sedation is defined as an individual under 18 years of age or any person who has special needs or who has a physical or mental impairment that limits one or more major life activities
True
109
Administration by inhalation of a combination of nature’s oxide and oxygen producing an altered state of consciousness that contains the patient’s ability to independently continuously maintain an airway, and respond appropriately to physical stimulation of verbal command
Nitrous oxide inhalation analgesia
110
Perioperative use of medication to relieve anxiety before or during a dental procedure, which does not produce a depressed level of consciousness and maintain the patient ability to maintain an airway independently to respond appropriately to physical and verbal stimulation
Minimal sedation
111
Administration of small incremental doses of an oral administration medication until an intended level of moderate sedation is
Titration of oral medication
112
A dentist or dental hygienist, who administers or employs the use of any form of anesthesia must possess a certification of CPR or advanced cardiac life support by the AHA every how many years
2 years
113
What is needed for a local anesthesia certificate or permit?
$35 nonrefundable certificate or permit fee
Certified copy of the applicants transcripts that reflect the required didactic in clinical education and experience
A certified copy of the diploma certificate issued by the applicants institution program or school
Proof of acceptable certification in CPR or advanced cardiac life support
114
What type of supervision is needed for local anesthesia a dental hygienist from a Florida licensed dentist
Direct supervision
115
For a dental hygienist to administer local anesthesia, the patient needs to be how many years of age or older?
18 years of age or older
116
A dentist that plans to administer anesthesia or sedation must be permitted by the board
True
117
Each facility must be on file in the board office with the type of anesthesia indicated for each facility
True
118
All permit holder shall informed the board office and rating of any change and authorized location for the use of such permits prior to accomplishing such changes
True
119
Dental hygienist are not allowed to turn on nitrous oxide, but can monitor/adjust and turn it off
True
120
What is the correct supervision level of a dental assistant in regards to nitrous oxide?
Direct
121
What is the correct supervision level of a dental hygienist in regards to nitrous oxide?
Indirect
122
What are the only agents allowed for inhalation in the dental office?
Nitrous and oxygen
123
Is nitrous able to be used with a single dose enteral sedative?
Yes
124
In order for a dentist to obtain a permit and conscious and general sedation, how many didactic hours are required?
60 didactic hours
125
How many people must be present for a dentist to perform conscious sedation?
Two people
126
How many people must be present for a dentist to perform general sedation on a patient?
Three people
127
The process by which all forms of microbial life within an environment are totally destroyed
Sterilization
128
The destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic bacteria, while they are in their active growth phase in the in activation of some viruses allows the potential for viable pathogens to remain
Disinfection
129
Required sterilization and infection procedures. At least one must be used in order to provide proper sterilization.
Steam under pressure
Dry heat
Chemical vapor
Ethylene oxide
130
Device is used to achieve sterilization must be approved by whom?
US food and drug administration (FDA)
131
Disinfectant sterilant is approved by whom?
US environmental protection agency (EPA)
or
US food and drug administration (FDA)
132
133
Surgical and other instruments that normally penetrate soft tissue or bone must be sterilized after each use
True
* forceps, scalers, surgical burs
134
Instruments that are not intended to penetrate oral soft tissue or bone but may come in contact with oral tissues. Must be sterilized after each use
True
* high speed, handpieces, plastic instruments, and burs
135
If heat, steam under pressure, or chemical vapor sterilization of an instrument is not technically feasible due to its size the instrument must undergo sterilization with a disinfectant /sterilant that destroys viruses and sports
True
136
Heat sensitive instruments may require up to how many hours of exposure in a liquid chemical agent registered by the US environmental protection agency?
10 hours
137
Before sterilization, instruments must be clean to remove debris through scrubbing with soap or detergent and water or by using an FDA approved, mechanical device, such as an ultrasonic cleaner or an FDA approved instrument washer
True
138
Oral prosthetic appliances received from a dental laboratory must be washed with soap or detergent and water rinse well appropriately disinfected and rinse well again before the prosthetic appliance is placed in the patient’s mouth
True
139
At the completion of dental treatment, all surfaces that have become contaminated with blood saliva, other bodily fluids must be disinfected
True
140
Disposable items may only be used one time in our encourage to be utilized
True
141
Surgical examination gloves must be changed between patients and hands must be washed with soap and water and dry immediately after removing in prior to replacing gloves
True
142
Protective eyewear must be worn by all dentist, dental hygienist, and assistance while performing or assisting in the performance of any dental procedure with OSHA’s blood-borne, pathogen standard and the CDC guidelines
True
143
Gloves are never to be washed and reused gloves that are punctured or torn must be removed and replaced immediately with new gloves following re-washing of providers hands with soap and water
True
144
Steam under pressure or chemical vapor sterilization must have biological monitoring complete completed at least once every how many hours or at least once every many days, whichever comes first?
Every 40 hours (2400 minutes) or every 30 days
145
146
Dry heat and ethylene oxide sterilizer must have their efficiency verified with biological monitoring every how many hours of operation or every how many days whichever comes first
120 hours or every 30 days
147
Disinfectant and sterilants must be changed according to the manufacturers recommend
True
148
Nosy, no the board made delight deny licensure for any who is found guilty of violating any provision
True
149
There should be a minimum of how many months suspension of the license of a dentist who is convicted of a violation
6 months
150
The department shall reissue the license of a discipline license upon certification of the board that the disciplined licensee has complied with all of the terms and conditions set forth in the final order
True
151
If the department finds that an applicant has a complaint filed against her or him in another jurisdiction, the board may deny the application pending final deposition of the compliant
True
152
Using a license that is not yours is what type of penalty
Misdemeanor in the first degree
153
Laboratories not keeping original prescription and operating as a lab is what type of penalty
Misdemeanor in second degree
154
Practicing with expired or suspended license or unlicensed and practicing outside the scope of practice is what type of penalty
Felony in the third degree
155
When the ownership of her address of a dental laboratory operating in this state is changed, the owner shall notify the department within how many days of such change of ownership or address
30 days
156
What must a dental assistant complete for radiographer requirements?
3 months of on the job training to receive a radiographer permit
Then have 12 months to complete in accredited course to be certified by the ADA
$35 fee for radiography permit
157
Using the name, RDH or dental hygienist, if not licensed is what type of penalty
Misdemeanor NOT a felony
158
An applicant for dental hygiene license can take the exam at any time
Previously, your application was only good for 10 years after 10 years you have to reapply
159
If a primary dentist is out of town, can another dentist diagnose patient
Yes
160
Can a dental hygienist repair an x-ray machine
No, has to be repaired by a licensed technician who has radiology credentials
161
Any license Z whose license to practice dentistry or dental hygiene in Florida that has been revoked or suspended for a period of one year or more in length shall:
Notify the patient of record of the suspension or revocation by mail no later than one month after effective date of suspension or revocation
Remove any telephone listings, identifying licensed dentist or dental hygienist in the state of Florida
Remove dentist or dental hygienist name from any sign door or advertising material identifying themselves that licensed to practice dentistry or dental hygiene in the state of Florida
Retain from addressing the public in any manner, which may suggest that the dentist or dental hygienist is licensed to practice dentistry or dental hygiene in the state of Florida
162
The board has the power to issue a permit to a nonprofit corporation for training and teaching dental assistance in public schools promoting research and training among licensed dentists in Florida are providing dental care for indigent persons
True
163
The permit of nonprofit corporations is issued upon presentation of satisfactory credentials and must comply with the rules and regulations prescribed by whom?
The Board
164
The nonprofit permit is valid for how many years and is renewable upon application and approval by the board
Valid for 1 year
165
Does the board have the power to revoke the permit for any violation of the rule?
Yes
166
Nonprofit corporations may apply for approval for hiring unlicensed dentist for care of indigent patients
Yes
167
What must be shown for nonprofit corporations to hire unlicensed dentists for care of indigent patients?
Justification for need to hire unlicensed dentist
Certified copy of the nonprofit charter and proof of nonprofit status must be filed with the board
168
A licensed dentist in Florida may receive “ practice management services” from a non-dentist
True
169
Proprietorship by non-dentist must not direct control or interfere with the dentists clinical judgment
True
170
Practice management services include consultation or other activities or services that relate to dental office space furnishings and equipment
Staff necessary to operate a dental practice
Inventory and supplies required to operate a dental practice
Information system designed to produce financial and operational data on the dental practice
Marketing plans are advertising to increase productivity of a dental practice
171
As part of a minimum standard of care, every dental office location shall be required to have an AED by what date?
February 28, 2006
172
Any dentist practicing after February 28, 2006 without an AED on site shall be considered to be practicing below the minimum standard of care
True
173
Every practitioner or dentistry or dental hygiene shall post and keep their license displayed in the office where he or she practices in plain sight of practitioners patients
True
174
Any dentist or dental hygienist to practices at more than one location shall be required to display a copy of his or her license in each office were here she practices
True
175
Who is responsible to ensure the license is displayed?
Dentist NOT hygienist
176
Any licensed dentist or dental hygienist, practicing who is infected with hepatitis B virus is required to notify the board of such in writing no longer than how many days after a learning here she is infected with the hepatitis B virus
14 days
177
Include a copy of the lab report showing the result of the dentist or dental hygienist, hepatitis B surface antigen test results
Yes
178
All licenses infected with the hepatitis B virus must successfully complete no later than how many months after receiving acknowledgment of the status of the board and education, educational program approved by the board, which will aid in better understanding of the disease
6 months
179
In order to receive board approval, the educational program for hepatitis B must be at least how many clock hours in duration
6 clock hours
180
What is also to be administered for the board to approve the educational program of the hepatitis B?
Written, comprehensive examination, covering each of the topics listed which must be satisfactory completed by a participant before the participant will be certified as having completed the program
181
Infected licenses will be monitored on a random basis at least how many times a year by the border, approve consultants for the purpose of verifying compliance with sterilization disinfection and barrier technique
At least 1x a year
182
A random monitoring will be performed. In addition to any checks conducted by any county health department. The monitor’s report should be forwarded to the board executive Director within how many days of the monitors visit?
14 days
183
Infected licenses shall notify the patient the board executive Director in the local county health department at any time. The barrier technique has been or may have been broken.
True
184
If a barrier technique has been broken, the patient must be notified __________
Immediately
185
If a barrier technique has been broken, telephonic notification must be accomplished within ____ hours and must be, followed up by a written notification no later than ____ hours after the barrier technique has been broken?
24 hours; 72 hours
186
Notification by the infected licensees shall include, at a minimum, the following information
What barrier technique was broken
Steps undertaken to notify affected patient
Steps undertaken to overcome the break in technique
187
A break in barrier technique includes but is not limited to any puncture tear or cut in the gloves at any time during which contact with the patient is made at any time a break, abrasion or cut of the skin occurs which could expose the patient to risk of infection
True
188
