Flouroquinolones Flashcards
(36 cards)
Flouroquinolones
End in -oxacin
Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin
saved for severe problems but come with a cost
BIGGEST PROBLEM IS TENDON RUPTURE MAINLY ACHILLES TENDON. ONLY GIVEN TO ADULTS.DON’T EXERCISE
Levofloxacin (fluoroquinolone) combined with ……… has serious problems.
SSRI’s (fluoxetine, Sertraline)
EFFECTS CNS, CONFUSION, DIZZINSS, HEADACHE, THRUSH/ YEAST INFECTION AND DANGEROUS INCREASE IN WARFARIN
CHECK INR BEFORE STARTING( 0.9-1.1 SEC NORMALLY AND 2.0-3.0 IF ON WARFARIN)
What drugs can cause a dangerous increase in Warfarin levels?
Flouroquinolones, UTI meds(Nitrofurantoin, Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethaxazole/trimethropin-Bactrim) Rifampin( tb med) and allopurinol(gout med)
Use once daily for 9 months if combined with RIFAPENTINE(TB med) use once weekly for 3 months?
ISONIAZID
CAN CAUSE PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY (TINGLING,NUMBNESS AND BURNING) FROM LOW PYRIDOXINE/B6. ADMINISTER 50 TO 200MG OF B6 DAILY
HYPERGLYCEMIA
TB medications
“RIPE”
Rifampin
Isoniazid.
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Antifungal with the most side effects that allows K+ to leak out, also binds to cholesterol and causes toxic effects?
Amphotericin B INFUSION REACTION( FEVER,CHILLS,RIGORS AND HEADACHE) PHLEBITIS, NEPHROTOXICITY, HYPOKALEMIA AND ANEMIA.
Causes red-orange urine,saliva,sweat and tears.
RIFAMPIN (tb med)
Given in combo with other tb meds to prevent antibiotic resistance. Broad spectrum drug,gram- and gram +
HEPATOTOXIC,ANOREXIA,FATIGUE,MALAISE AND JAUNDICE
AVOID ALCOHOL!
COLITIS
INCREASES METABOLISM OF WARFARIN AND BIRTH CONTROL PILLS(USE NON-HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE)
GIVE 1HR BEFORE OR TWO HOURS AFTER MEAL***
NUMEROUS CYP INTERACTION
Analgesic that works on mucosa of gu tract, turns urine orange/red color?
Phenazopyridine(UTI med)
TAKE WITH FOOD, GI DISCOMFORT, D/N
DOESNT CURE JUST RELIEVES (like azo dye)
Hepatotoxic drugs?
- Azoles(antifungal)
- Rifampin(tb drug)
- Dmards(ra med) Methotrexate and TNF blockers(infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept)
- Pyrazinamide( when combined with Isoniazid)
Causes red-green color blindness?
ETHAMBUTOL (BACTERIOSTATIC TO M.TUBERCULOSIS)
Hsv1 appears where?
Mouth, face, eyes and cns
Better tolerated than Amphotericin B, interferes with ergosterol and causes fungi to die?
Azoles(antifungal)
HEPATOTOXIC NUMEROUS CYP INTERACTIONS
NEVER GIVE IN LIVER DISEASE PTS
What antiviral requires plenty of fluids?
Valacyclovir
Decreases length of symptoms but not a substitute for vaccine?
Oseltamivir(influenza)
Must be at least 1, take with food if have to, must take within 24 hours
“Anti Malaria drug”
Hydroxychloroquine
If combined with Methotrexate(ra med) it can cause retinal damage stop if blurred vision occurs
Leukocytes attack Crystal breaks it down and creates …… Which can go to kidneys and cause damage?
Tophi
Used for anthrax, sinus infections pneumonia and serious skin infections?
Fluoroquinolones
-Ciprofloxacin treats UTI’s,traveler’s diarrhea and anthrax
What needs to be avoided when taking a fluoroquinolone?
DAIRY, ALUMINUM-MAGNESIUM ANTACIDS AND IRON
ALSO**
CAN CAUSE PHOTO SENSITIVITY AND *LOW GLUCOSE IN DIABETIC PTS.
Possible peripheral neuropathy and prolonged qt interval(die)?
Fluoroquinolones
Cystitis(uti) medications?
Pee Not Safe “PNS”
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethopim-Bactrim(antibiotic), Nitrofurantoin(antibiotic) and Phenazopyridine(analgesic)
**antibiotic ones treat”non complicated uti’s”
** analgesic just relieves symptoms
*** fluroquinolones treat “complicated uti’s”
May turn urine brownish color?
Nitrofurantoin
- *DON’T GIVE IN PREGNANCY OR KIDNEY DAMAGED CLIENTS
- *TAKE WITH FOOD/MILK TO INCREASE ABSORPTION AND DECREASES GI DISCOMFORT
- PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IS RARE
Crystalluria is a huge side effect of this drug?
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-Bactrim
- *DRINK 8+ CUPS OF WATER A DAY
- DON’T GIVE TO PREGNANT WOMEN OR BABIES LESS THAN 2 MONTHS OLD, CAN CAUSE KERNICTURUS/JAUNDICE
- *CAN ELEVATE K+ AND WARFARIN
- *CAN DECREASE WBC, CAUSE ANEMIA REDUCED PLATELETS
- *If a pt has an allergy to sulfa they will be allergic to SULFAmethoxazole
TB can attack?
Lungs(mostly), brain and spine
spread by coughing, sneezing droplets
takes at least 2-4 antibiotics because of the resistance of active TB Treatment can last 6months-2 years.
**can cause night sweats(big indicator), decreased appetite, cough,fever in the afternoon and lung congestion.
Treatment
phase 1(get rid of active tb, sputum not infectious)
2nd phase (any other pathogens in the body)
Used in active and latent TB by preventing synthesis in the cell wall?
Isoniazid
**peripheral neuropathy due to lack of pyridoxine/B6
give 50 to 200mg of B6 daily
**Hepatotoxic.anorexia,malaise, nausea, jaundice
**Check AST AND ALT
**AVOID ALCOHOL(BOTH FILTERED THROUGH THE LIVER)
***HYPERGLYCEMIA, CHECK SUGAR FREQUENTLY
**MAY INCREASE DIABETES EDICINE, AVOID LIVER FAILURE PTS AND TYRAMINE FOODS
**TAKE 1HR BEFORE OR 2 HOURS AFTER MEAL, MAY TAKE WITH MEAL IF STOMACH UPSET OCCURS
