Flouroscopy Final Flashcards by Michelle Niewinski

What is the first step in DSA

Obtain mask image

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An increase in signal to noise ratio SNR

Better contrast resolution

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The entrance skin does ESD for adults is

3-5 R/min

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What is the heated filament by thermionic emission called

What will magnification mode do to the image

Electron gun

Make the image dimmer!!

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The formula for brightness gain

Min. Gain x flux gain

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The image intensifier tube Will increase patient does as it is ages in order to maintain

Image brightness

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Normal ESE
Interventional ESE
Cineradiography

10 R/min
20R/min
Unlimited

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Units for electrostatic charge

Units for Radiation exposure

Coulomb

C/Kg and R

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Embryo doses

Monthly-
Whole pregnancy -

0.5mSV

5mSv

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Negligible individual dose

Lead aprons reduce exposure by

.01 mSv

80%

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Phototopic is seen with

Scotopic is seen with

Cones of the eye/daylight

Rods of the eye/night

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Visual acuity terms

The cornea of the eye is

Fine detail in the image

The protective layer

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Universal protocol includes

Who advocates the universal procedure and does accreditation of facilities

Pre-procedure verification
site marking
time out

The joint commission

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The pulse rate and floral for adults and four children

8 ms adults

4-5ms children

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Skin erythema can be seen at what dose?

10 minutes .12 seconds

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2mm copper filter reduces pt dose by

The FDA regulates the flouro tube must be how far away from the patient

70%

12 inches/30 cm ( SSD )

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Cardiac catheterization uses cine camera which is —

15 times

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Using the replay zoom ads zero radiation dose but produces

A low quality image

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ALARA is based on what model

A loss and fibers in the eyes

Nonthreshold

Cataracts

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The fiber Of the eyes contain more —

Cholesterol

Crystalline produces fiber cell

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Neuron ganglia triggers aversion when dangers hit the retina

Photosensitive ganglia

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Somatic affects are also

Genetic affects

Genetic effects and cancers are stochastic effects non-threshold models

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Threshold affects also known as deterministic you faxed or does dependent of what range

1.3-2gy

for cataracts, hair loss, erythema

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Sentinel events are procedures that exceed one hour what is the protocol

The patient must be monitored and any patient exceeding 50gy is death

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Children are — more sensitive to radiation than adults The 1st —

10 X 20 weeks

The FDA recommends documenting any skin dose of

1-2Gy | This must include photograph, annotation, & narrative descriptions

The NCRP report number 116 includes

- Whole body dose 25mR-monitoring - Persons who could receive 10% of whole body annual doses Have no enforcement power!! Only guidelines

Radiation exposure is only responsible for ____ of all cancer death The image gently campaign was used to promote

1% | Lower dose reduction’s for pediatric patients

The minimum requirement for lead shielding in flouro is

.25 | Gonadal - .50

Roentgen discovered x-rays on

November 8, 1895

The last of the intensity of the periphery of an image decreasing image brightness

Vignetting

Minification gain versus flux gain

Min gain- input /output diameter Flux - output over input photons

The smaller the FOV will cause a

Increase to ESE

Any KVP level over 70 KVP requires a minimum of —

2.5

Represents the amount of filtration material necessary to reduce the strength of the primary been to 1/2 its original value

Half value layer HVL

The practitioner of teams a permanent image that is called

Frame grabbing

What is the ABC

Automatic brightness control to provide optimal display of light tour of the anatomy adjusting exposure factors as needed

If a radiologist uses a foot switch it is known to decrease

Patient exposure

Range for Grid ratios for flouro systems - | Radiogrphic systems -

6: 1 -10:1 8: 1 - 16:1

The CCD or flat panel detectors are continuing to replace

The image intensifier

The total filtration should be at least ______ aluminum equivalent And evaluated annually

2.5

Dose area product (DAP) is radiation risk. the DAP increases as the field size increases due to

More tissues being exposed

The image intensive fire should be as close to the patient as possible to

Reduce magnification, reduce patient does, and improve image quality

Is it acceptable to repeat an image if your marker is not shown

Yes it is recommended

Who developed the reports on rules and regulations of title X the US code of federal regulations

NCRP | Many adopted from ICRP

Advisory group that reviews studies concerning the biological effects of ionizing radiation and risks assessments

NRC-Beir

Who is the monitoring agency in regard to hazards to the workplace and regulates occupational exposure

OSHA

The law was an acted to protect the public from hazards of unnecessary radiation exposure from electronica products formulated in 1968

the radiation control for health and safety act

The code of federal regulations title 21 contains more than 1300 sections of regulations pertaining to:

Cell phones, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, nutritional labels, etc

Title 21 requires a “dead’s man switch” which is

Where the operator is able to terminate the exposure at any time using a control device

Which act by the federal government set minimum standards for the accreditation of educational programs for practitioners regarding radiologic procedures

Consumer-patient radiation health and safety act of 1981

The process by which an agency of the state government grants permission to practitioners meeting predetermined qualifications to engage in an occupation

Licensure

Any process whereby a state government non-governmental agency or association recognizes the individual who meet certain qualifications

Credentials

state government, non-governmental agency recognizing a specialized program of study as meeting or exceeding qualifications of educational standards

Accreditation

What does Roentgen measure?

Ion pairs!

Radioactivity is expressed using:

Bq or curie

What are the most radiosensitive cell types? Least sensitive ??

Lymphocytes, red blood cells, epithelial tissue Muscle, brain, nerves

The inverse square law pertains to x-ray and gamma radiation. What is the inverse square law

Exposure will increase by a factor of 4 if the distance is cut in half and vice versa.

What is the occupational does limit for the lens of the eye

150mSv annually (15Rem)

Medical malpractice is often caused by

Miscommunication!!

Primary barriers versus secondary barriers

Primary barriers Is where the primary beam strikes | Secondary barriers prevent scatter and leakage

Two types of filtration that make up the total filtration are

Added or inherent

Flouroscopy Final Flashcards

(62 cards)