Flowering Plants Flashcards
(29 cards)
Roots
Anchor and support the plant in the spil
Take in (or absorb) water and minerals
Some plants (e.g. yams) store food in their roots
Stem
Support and hold up leaves and flowers
Transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and also transport food from the leaves to the roots
Some stems store food (e.g. potatoes)
Leaves
Make food in the process called photosynthesis
Allow gases and water vapour to pass in and out
Some leaves store food (e.g. lettuce and cabbage)
Flowers
The function of a flower is to produce seeds so that the plant can reproduce
Fruits
Protects seeds
Provides good for seeds
Xylem and Phloem
Plants have two types of transport tissue (in the form of tubes):
These are called the xylem and the phloem
The xylem transports water and minerals up the plant while the phloem transports food from the leaves
Transpiration
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the stomata of the leaves
Stomata
The stomata are little holes of the underside of the leaves
Transpiration stream
The flow of water from the roots, up through the plant, and out of the leaves is called the transpiration stream
Photosynthesis
The process where plants make food using light energy
Why are leaves green
Because they contain Chlorophyll which is a green chemical needed for photosynthesis
What part of a plant has the most chlorophyll
The leaves and any green part of the plant have chlorophyll
Photosynthesis Equation
Carbon dioxide and water (+ sunlight and chlorophyll) —> glucose + oxygen
Factors for a flower
Carbon dioxide: Passes into leaves through Stomata (found under the side of a leaf)
Water: From soil, enters through roots
Light: From the sun. Absorbed by leaves due to their large flat surfaces. Provides energy need to form food
Chlorophyll: Made by plants. It is a green pigment. Mostly found in the leaves. Absorbs light and allows photosynthesis to take place
Products for a flower
Glucose: Food made by plant to provide energy in respiration, to form starch in parts of the plant and to form cellulose
Oxygen: Gas made by Photosynthesis. Used for respiration to provide energy in the leaf. Released from the leaf into the air.
Plant responses
Tropism: The change in growth of a plant in response to an outside stimulus
Phototropism: The way in which a plant changes growth in response to light
Geotropism: The way in which a plant changes growth in response to gravity
Respiration
Respiration is the controlled energy from food
There are two types of respiration
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen
Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration
This type of respiration occurs when oxygen isn’t available
As we know, humans need oxygen to survive, and primarily use aerobic respiration
However, when we are using all of our oxygen during that process, our body may have to use anaerobic respiration to supply energy
Anaerobic respiration in human muscles produces lactic acid, which causes our muscles to cramp
Fermentation
Fermentation is anaerobic respiration by microbes
produces fermented foods. The most common of these is in beer making, where alcohol has been produced from yeast to feeding on glucose
Petals
Petals are used to attract insects into the flower; they may have guidelines on them and be scented
Sepal
The flower is protected while it is in bud by the sepals, these may be coloured green or have the colour of the petals.
They are often brightly coloured to attract the insects
Stamen
The stamen produces the male gamete (male sex cell) for fertilisation
Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther (male part) to a stigma (female part)
Insect pollination
Insects visit a flower in order to obtain pollen or nectar as food: The insects rub against the sticky stigma and so the pollen (which was gathered from the stamen of one plant) can end up on the carpel of another plant.
