Fluency

Question 1

Fluency

Answer 1

Ability to read with accuracy, appropriate speed, and expressive prosody.

Question 2

Three Measures of Fluency

Answer 2

Accuracy, Prosody (expression), Speed (rate).

Question 3

Accuracy

Answer 3

Correct, automatic word recognition with minimal decoding strain.

Question 4

Prosody

Answer 4

Natural phrasing, attention to punctuation, and expressive tone while reading.

Question 5

Rate

Answer 5

“Just-right” words-per-minute pace that supports comprehension.

Question 6

Why Fluency Matters

Answer 6

Automatic decoding frees mental energy for understanding the text.

Question 7

Best Grades for Fluency Instruction

Answer 7

Kindergarten–Grade 4, with targeted lessons for older struggling readers.

Question 8

Supervised Oral Reading

Answer 8

Teacher listens and gives immediate feedback on miscues to build accuracy.

Question 9

Audio- and Video-Assisted Reading

Answer 9

Students follow professional recordings to hear correct pronunciation and pacing.

Question 10

Partner & Small-Group Reading

Answer 10

Peers practice aloud together for supportive accuracy work.

Question 11

Teacher-Modeled Reading

Answer 11

Teacher exaggerates tone and phrasing to teach prosody.

Question 12

Readers’ Theater

Answer 12

Scripted performances that make students practice expressive reading.

Question 13

Choral Reading

Answer 13

Whole-class reading in unison to improve confidence and prosody.

Question 14

Rereading Familiar Text

Answer 14

Repeated practice of known passages to build speed.

Question 15

Independent Reading

Answer 15

Frequent self-selected reading time that gradually increases rate.

Question 16

Timed Repeated Reading

Answer 16

Multiple timed reads of the same passage to track and boost WPM.

Question 17

Running Record

Answer 17

Informal assessment where teacher marks miscues during oral reading.

Question 18

Running Record Purpose

Answer 18

Identifies error patterns to target instruction.

Question 19

Running Record Tools

Answer 19

Text copy plus coding sheet with shorthand symbols for errors.

Question 20

Six Miscue Types in Running Records

Answer 20

Repetition, Pause, Self-correction, Substitution, Insertion, Omission.

Question 21

Measures of Text Complexity Model

Answer 21

Qualitative, Quantitative, Reader/Task factors used together.

Question 22

Qualitative Factors

Answer 22

Purpose & Meaning, Structure, Language Conventionality, Knowledge Demands.

Question 23

Quantitative Factors

Answer 23

Word length/frequency, sentence length, cohesion metrics calculated by software.

Question 24

Reader/Task Factors

Answer 24

Motivation, prior knowledge, assignment purpose, and question demands.

Question 25

Qualitative Measures Table

Answer 25

Two-column chart that compares “Simpler” vs “More Complex” on four factors.

Question 26

Five-Finger Rule Purpose

Answer 26

Quick student self-check for book difficulty.

Question 27

Five-Finger Rule Step 1

Answer 27

Find an interesting book and open to a random page.

Question 28

Five-Finger Rule Step 2

Answer 28

Read the page, raising a finger for each unknown word.

Question 29

Five-Finger Rule Step 3

Answer 29

Evaluate fingers: 0–1 Too easy; 2–3 Just right; 3–4 Challenge; 5+ Too hard.

Question 30

Five-Finger Visual Tool

Answer 30

Raised fingers act as an instant graphic gauge of text match.

Question 31

Fluency → Comprehension Link

Answer 31

Fluent readers allocate cognitive resources to meaning rather than decoding.

Question 32

Instructional Payoff of Fluency

Answer 32

Early fluency work leads to stronger lifetime comprehension skills.