FLUID

Question 1

% Body Weight Total Body Water

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

Fraction of TBW that is ICF

Answer 2

2/3

Question 3

Fraction of TBW that is Extracellular Fluid

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

Fluid choice for volume resuscitation in a healthy adult vs. adult with co-morbidities

Answer 4

Normal Saline or Lactated Ringers
Healthy Adult: 1 L bolus
Adult with co-morbidities: 250 - 500 ml

Question 5

Daily Fluid, Sodium and Potassium requirements

Answer 5

1.5 - 2.5 L Water

50 - 100 mEq sodium

40 - 80 mEq potassium

Question 6

Equation to calculate hourly maintenence fluid rate

Answer 6

4 / 2 / 1 Rule
OR
Weight (kg) + 40

Question 7

Ideal maintenance fluid if NPO < 24 hrs

Answer 7

Crystalloid

Question 8

Ideal maintenance fluid if NPO > 24 hrs but < 1 week

Answer 8

2/3 D5W with 1/3 NS

OR

1/2 NS with D5W

WITH

20 mEq / L KCL

Question 9

Choice and rate of fluid for maintenence fluid

Answer 9

2/3 D5W + 1/3 NS
Normally 70 - 150 cc / hr

Question 10

How to calculate fluid deficit from fasting

Answer 10

Hourly maintenance (4 / 2 / 1) x hours fasted

Question 11

% of crystalloid that re-distributes to intersitial space

Answer 11

75%

Question 12

Ratio of crystalloid replacement to blood loss

Answer 12

3:1
i.e. 1.5 L of crystalloid per 500 ml of blood loss

Question 13

Ratio of colloid replacement to blood loss

Answer 13

1:1

i.e. 500 ml blood loss = 500 ml colloid

Question 14

Complications of NS

Answer 14

Hypercholoremic hypernatremic non-anion gap metabolic acidosis

Reduced GFR due to chloride induced renal vasoconstriction

Question 15

Minimal urine output for an adult on maintenance fluid IV

Answer 15

30 ml / hr (0.5 cc / kg / hr)