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FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

It is a substance that dissolve in solution, ionizes, that is some of its molecules split or dissociate into electrically charged atoms or ions?

A

ELECTROLYTE

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2
Q

Electrolytes that is NEGATIVELY CHARGED?

A

ANIONS

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3
Q

Electrolytes that is POSITIVELY CHARGED?

A

CATIONS

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4
Q

What will happen to electrolyte if the body has more fluid, is it INCREASED or DECREASED?

A

DECREASED

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5
Q

It is a liquid substance that transport nutrients to the cells and carry waste products from the cells.

A

BODY FLUIDS

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6
Q

How many percentage a total body fluid in adult?

A

60%

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7
Q

How many percentage a total body fluid in older adult?

A

55%

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8
Q

How many percentage a total body fluid in infant?

A

80%

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9
Q

What do you call a fluid inside the blood cell?

A

INTRAVASCULAR

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10
Q

What do you call a fluid inside the cell?

A

INTRACELLULAR

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11
Q

What do you call a fluid outside the cell (Third space)?

A

EXTRACELLULAR

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12
Q

What do you call a fluid in between your cell and blood vessel?

A

INTERSTITIAL

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13
Q

Give at least 3 types of Transcellular Fluid?

A
  1. Cerebrospinal fluid
  2. Synovial Fluid
  3. Amniotic Fluid

other example: serous fluid, gut fluid, and aqueous humour.

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14
Q

Is the accumulation and sequestration of trapped extracellular fluid in an actual or potential body space as a result of disease or injury?

A

Third Spacing

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15
Q

An excess accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space?

A

EDEMA

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16
Q

What do you call a generalized edema?

A

ANASARCA

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17
Q

What is the difference between SOLUTES and SOLVENT?

A

SOLUTE = a SOLID part, the one that is dissolved.
SOLVENT = A FLUID part, the one that dissolves solutes.

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18
Q

It is the ratio or relationship between solution and solutes?

A

TONICITY

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19
Q

A solute spreads the molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

A

DIFFUSION

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20
Q

The movement of solvent molecules across a membrane in response to a concentration gradient, usually from a concentration of lower to one of higher solute concentration?

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A

OSMOSIS

note: Pulls out of solvent by the solutes

21
Q

It is the movement of solutes an solvents by hydrostatic pressure?

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A

FILTRATION

Note: Pulls out of solvent and solutes the same time by hydrostatic pressure

22
Q

What is the total fluid intake of a person per day?

23
Q

What is the total fluid output of a person per day?

24
Q

What is the largest source of fluid intake? How many ml?

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A

Ingested water 1200-1500 ml

25
What are the three sources of fluid intake?
Ingested water, Ingested food and metabolic acidation.
26
What are the 4 sources of fluid output?
Kidneys, Insensible loss through the skin and lungs, and GI tract.
27
What is the largest source of fluid output? How many ml?
Kidneys 1500 ml
28
What is the lowest source of fluid intake? How many ml?
Metabolic oxidation 300 ml
29
How many mL of fluid output loss through lungs?
400-600 ml
30
How many mL of fluid output loss through skin?
600-800 mL
31
How many mL of fluid intake through ingested food?
800-1100 mL
32
How many mL of fluid intake through ingested water?
1200-1500 mL
33
What is the normal value of Potassium?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
34
What is the most abundant intracellular cation?
POTASSIUM
35
Is Potassium located inside the cell?
YES
36
TRUE or FALSE. You will get a blood sample/specimen in order to check for Potassium level.
TRUE
37
What are the causes for HYPOKALEMIA?
1. Loss of K+ 2. Lack of K+ intake 3. Shifting of K+ from ECF to ICF 4. Serum Dilution
38
What is the function of Potassium?
Movement of muscles and pumping of the heart
39
This diuretics can cause the patient to loss potassium?
THIAZIDE Note: (T)hiazide (T)throws the potassium
40
If Potassium increased, what will happen to sodium, will increase or decrease?
DECREASE note: K+ and Na are inversely proportional
41
What ECG changes you will expect to see to a patient with hypokalemia?
Prominent U waves Inverted T waves ST segment depression
42
ECG changes that only happen in hypokalemia?
Prominent U waves
43
Why we need to attach the patient with HYPO/HYPERkalemia to a cardiac monitor?
Because a patient might experience ECG changes
44
As a nurse, what important consideration you need to remember prior to administering potassium through oral? a. This has unpleasant taste and therefore be taken with juice. b. Need to dilute first c. can cause nausea, and should not be given in an empty stomach D. All of the above
c. can cause nausea, and should not be given in an empty stomach
45
As a nurse, what important consideration you need to remember prior to administering potassium through liquid? a. This has unpleasant taste and therefore be taken with juice. b. Need to dilute first c. can cause nausea, and should not be given in an empty stomach D. All of the above
a. This has unpleasant taste and therefore be taken with juice.
46
As a nurse, what important consideration you need to remember prior to administering potassium via IV? a. This has unpleasant taste and therefore be taken with juice. b. Diluted and administered via infusion device. c. can cause nausea, and should not be given in an empty stomach D. You need to administer via IV Push, IM or SubQ.
b. Diluted and administered via infusion device.
47
A patient who is taking potassium through oral suddenly experience gastrointestinal bleeding. As a nurse, what will be your priority action? a. Discontinue the medication. b. Do nothing because it just a normal side effect and will gradually loss. c. Assess the patient abdomen. d. Both A and C
a. Discontinue the medication.
48
A condition that can occur due to methods of blood specimen collection?
PSEUDOHYPERKALEMIA
49
What will be your management for pseudohyperkalemia? a. Administer thiazide b. Redraw specimen and evaluate c. Discontinue IV potassium d. Give kayexalate
b. Redraw specimen and evaluate Rationale: Pseudohyperkalemia is a condition that can occur due to methods of blood specimen collection. Increase potassium levels without symptoms.

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