Fluid And Electrolytes Flashcards
(21 cards)
Inability to consume oral fluids
Dysphasia
Severe blood loss
Hemorrhage
Clinical manifestation of hypovolemia
Tachycardia and hypotension,decrease urine output, flattened neck veins,poor skin turgor
Decreased preload, decreased cardiac output
Hypovolemic shock
Vomiting, diarrhea
GI fluid loss
Clinical manifestations of hypervolemia
Tachypnea, distended neck veins, and edema, crackles, hypertension, bounding rapid pulse, Dyspnea, clammy skin, ventricular gallop
Excess fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
Excess extra cellular fluid in the interstitial space
Edema
Which of the following are clinical signs of hyper volemia
Difficulty breathing, Edema, Third spacing
The blood pressure in a patient who is hypovolemic is usually
Low
The two most important assessment to make for evaluating fluid balance are
Accurate I& O, and Daily weight
Movement of ions and molecules across a semipermeable membrane, from an area of higher to an area of lower concentration, until equilibrium is reached
Diffusion
Movement of fluid through a semipermeable membrane, from area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, until equilibrium is reached
Osmosis
The movement of solutes and water by forces of pressure
Filtration
Movement of substance, from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, using energy
Active transport
Hormones that regulate sodium balance
Aldosterone and ADH
Causes of hyponatremia
Excessive diuretic, excessive sweating with non sodium fluid replacement, GI fluid loss( vomiting, diarrhea, fistula), Adrenocorticoid insufficiency, excess water
Causes of hypernatremia
Intake of excessive sodium, loss of water , rapid breathing, diabetes insipidus, impaired thirst center
Hyponatremia
Psychogenic polydipsia, excessive administration of 5%DW, frequent tap water enemas, sweating and drinking water
Hypernatremia
Rapid infusion of 3% NaCl, unconscious state, hypertonic tube feeding, trauma to the thirst center
Manifestations of hyponatremia
Muscle cramps, lethargy, obtundation, decrease in deep tendon reflexes, seizures, headache, coma
