Fluid and Electrolytes Flashcards
A client is hypotensive secondary to hypovolemia resulting from dehydration. Based on the nurse’s knowledge about intravenous solutions, the nurse would expect the physician to prescribe which type of solution?
A - Hypotonic
B - Isotonic
C - Volume expander
D - Hypertonic
B - Isotonic
A client is experiencing withdrawal from alcohol and admitted to the behavioral health unit. The client begins to have muscle weakness, tremors, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, and a change in mental status. What should the nurse prepare to replace in this client?
A - Phosphorus
B - Magnesium
C - Chloride
D - Potassium
B - Magnesium
A nurse must administer an isotonic intravenous solution to a client who has lost fluid. Which fluids are isotonic? Select all that apply.
A - 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer’s solution
B - 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
C - 0.45% NaCl (½-strength saline)
D - 0.33% NaCl (1/3-strength normal saline)
E - Lactated Ringer’s solution
B - 0.9% NaCl (normal saline)
E - Lactated Ringer’s solution
The oncoming nurse is assigned to the following clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?
A - a 20-year-old, 2 days postoperative open appendectomy who refuses to ambulate today
B - a 47-year-old who had a colon resection yesterday and is reporting pain
C - a 60-year-old who is 3 days post–myocardial infarction and has been stable.
D - a newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools
D - a newly admitted 88-year-old with a 2-day history of vomiting and loose stools
A client has been admitted with fluid volume deficit. Which assessment data would the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.
A - heart rate 128/bpm
B - crackles in the lungs
C - distended neck veins
D - poor skin turgor
E - blood pressure 100/48 mmHg
A - heart rate 128/bpm
D - poor skin turgor
E - blood pressure 100/48 mmHg
An older adult has fluid volume deficit and needs to consume more fluids. Which approach by the nurse demonstrates gerontologic considerations?
A - Offer small amounts of preferred beverage frequently.
B - Leave water on the bedside table.
C - Ask the client every hour to drink more fluid.
D - Have a loved one tell the client to drink more.
A - Offer small amounts of preferred beverage frequently.
The student nurse asks, “What is interstitial fluid?” What is the appropriate nursing response?
A - “Fluid inside cells.”
B - “Fluid in the tissue space between and around cells.”
C - “Watery plasma, or serum, portion of blood.”
D - “Fluid outside cells.”
B - “Fluid in the tissue space between and around cells.”
When the nurse reviews the client’s laboratory reports revealing sodium, 140 mEq/L (140 mmol/L); potassium, 4.1 mEq/L (4.1 mmol/L); calcium 7.9 mg/dL (1.975 mmol/L), and magnesium 1.9 mg/dL (0.781 mmol/L); the nurse should notify the physician of the client’s:
A - high sodium.
B - low calcium.
C - low potassium.
D - high magnesium.
B - low calcium.
The nurse is monitoring intake and output (I&O) for a client who has diarrhea. What will the nurse document as input on the I&O record? Select all that apply.
A - serving of jello
B - cup of ice cream
C - bowl of chili
D - barbecue sandwich
E - 100 mL from melted ice chips
F - infusion of intravenous solution
A - serving of jello
B - cup of ice cream
E - 100 mL from melted ice chips
F - infusion of intravenous solution
Mr. Jones is admitted to the nurse’s unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypocalcemia. His laboratory results show a serum calcium level of 8.2 mg/dL (2.05 mmol/L). For what assessment findings will the nurse be looking?
A - muscle weakness, fatigue, and constipation
B - diminished cognitive ability and hypertension
C - muscle cramping and tetany
D - nausea, vomiting, and constipation
C - muscle cramping and tetany
Mr. Jones is admitted to the nursing unit from the emergency department with a diagnosis of hypokalemia. His laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3.2 mmol/L). For what manifestations should the nurse be alert?
A - Muscle weakness, fatigue, and dysrhythmias
B - Muscle weakness, fatigue, and constipation
C - Nausea, vomiting, and constipation
D - Diminished cognitive ability and hypertension
A - Muscle weakness, fatigue, and dysrhythmias
A nurse is assessing for the presence of edema in a client who is confined to bed and who often lies supine. The nurse would pay particular attention to which area?
A - Hands
B - Sacral area
C - Abdomen
D - Face
B - Sacral area
