Fluid and Electrolytes

Question 1

Normal Na+ range

Answer 1

135-145

Question 2

Normal potassium range

Answer 2

3.5-5.0/5

Question 3

Water gain sources

Answer 3

food
drink
metabolism

Question 4

water loss sources

Answer 4

urine
feces
skin- insensible water loss
Lungs- insensible water loss

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

fluid moves from low to high concentration of solutes

Question 6

Filtration

Answer 6

fluid moves from high to low pressure

Question 7

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 7

force

Question 8

Colloid oncotic pressure

Answer 8

reabsorption (albumin)

Question 9

Osmolarity

Answer 9

Concentration of solutes in a specific VOLUME of fluid

Not most accurate- fluid volume changes when temp changes

Question 10

Osmolality

Answer 10

concentration of solutes in a specific MASS of solvent

Question 11

Tonicity

Answer 11

measure of the osmotic pressure gradient between two solutions

comparision of concentration

Question 12

Osmosis

Answer 12

Fluid moves from high to low concentration

Question 13

1L = ? kg

Answer 13

1 kg

Question 14

Hydrostatic pressure (what)

Answer 14

pressure pushes out fluid from capillaries into tissues

Question 15

NEED to be functioning for hudrostatic pressure

Answer 15

strong heart
blood volume
BP

Question 16

Colloid Pressure/ Colloidal Osmotic Pressure

Answer 16

Reabsorption of fluid via osmosis from the tissue into the cappilaries d/t large proteins (albumin) in the vessel.

Question 17

Isotonis fluid

Answer 17

Same # of solutes in solution as in plasma
Exands blood volume

Question 18

Examples of Isotonic fluids

Answer 18

LR
0.9% NS
D5W (ONLY AT FIRST)

Question 19

Hypotinic fluid

Answer 19

less # of solutes in solution compares to plasma

Question 20

Examples of Hypotonic fluids

Answer 20

0.45% NaCl
0.33% NaCl

Question 21

Hypertonic fluids

Answer 21

Greater # of solutes in fluid compared to plasma

Question 22

Examples of Hypertonic fluids

Answer 22

D5NS
D5LR
D10W

Question 23

Oxygenation

Answer 23

Oxygen supply vs. demand. Person can be well oxygenated, but have low perfusion

Question 24

Perfusion NEEDS

Answer 24

Pump

Blood volume

Patent vessels

Question 25

Hemoglobin

Answer 25

Protein (contains iron) on RBC that is responsible for carrying O2

Question 26

Essential functions needed for oxygenation and perfusion

Answer 26

Adequate oxygenation  (Lungs, O2 supply, airway) Adequate hemoglobin (Iron, RBC) Adequate perfusion

Question 27

MAP formula

Answer 27

MAP= [SBP + (2 x DBP)] / 3 (Systolic + Diastolic + Diastolic) all divided by 3

Question 28

Low map... think...

Answer 28

< 65 think… which profusion proponent is broken

Question 29

1L = __ kg

Answer 29

1 kg

Question 30

% of body made of water

Answer 30

70%

Question 31

Electrolytes absorbed

Answer 31

GI

Question 32

Electrolyted extreted

Answer 32

Kidney function and filtration

Question 33

Dehydration

Answer 33

loss of water EXCEEDS intake of water

Question 34

Hypotonic dehydration

Answer 34

lose electrolytes, not as much fluids, caused by diuretics

Question 35

Hypertonic dehydration

Answer 35

loss of water, ICF dehydration, caused by fever, increased respirations, diabetes insipidus

Question 36

Isotonic dehydration

Answer 36

loss balances, ECF dehydration, caused by vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, burns, KD, hyperglycemia, hypoaldosteronism

Question 37

IV Fluids Isotonic

Answer 37

concentration matches blood plasma, no change to cell

Question 38

GOAL of Isotonic IV fluids

Answer 38

increase volume of fluid in bloodstream

Question 39

Isotonic IV Fluid examples

Answer 39

NS 0.9% LR D5W

Question 40

IV Fluids Hypotonic solution

Answer 40

less solutes that blood plasma (dilute), more fluid than # os solutes

Question 41

GOAL of Hypotonic IV fluids

Answer 41

correct cellular dehydration

Question 42

Examples of Hypotonis IV fluids

Answer 42

0.45% NaCl ½ NS 0.33% NaCl

Question 43

IV Fluids Hypertonic solutions

Answer 43

more solutes than blood plasma (concentrated)

Question 44

GOAL of Hypertonic IV fluids

Answer 44

correct cellular volume overload EDEMA

Question 45

Examples Hypertonic IV fluids

Answer 45

3% NS D5NS

Question 46

Osmolarity

Answer 46

concentration of solutes in a specific volume of fluid

Question 47

Osmolality

Answer 47

concentration of solutes in a specific mass of solvent

Question 48

Tonicity

Answer 48

a measure of the osmotic pressure gradient between two solutions

Question 49

Albumin: created in the ____

Answer 49

LIVER

Question 50

Areas of the body that fluids go that can be dangerous

Answer 50

Alveoli Brain (increased ICP) peritoneal  Blisters from Edema

Question 51

ABG Ranges pH

Answer 51

7.35 - 7.45

Question 52

ABG Ranges PaCO2 (R E V E R S E)

Answer 52

35-45 REVERSE

Question 53

ABG Ranges HCO3

Answer 53

22-26

Question 54

How do the lungs help maintain pH balance

Answer 54

Respirations control CO2 levels in blood If lungs struggle to remove CO2 in blood, CO2 builds up creating carbonic acid which decreases the pH (acidosis)