Fluid and Electrolytes/ Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

What does water do in the body?

Answer 1

• transport nutrietns to cells
• trabsport hormones, enzymes, platelets, and blood cells
• cellular metabolism
• solvent for electrolyes and nonelectrolytes
• maintain temp.
• lubricate tissue
• facilitate digestion/ elimination

Question 2

Intracellular fluid

Answer 2

fluid in cells (70%)

Question 3

Extracellular fluid

Answer 3

fluid outside cells (30%)
includes intravascular and interstitial fluids

Question 4

Who has less body water?

Answer 4

women and obese people

Question 5

cations

Answer 5

positive charge

Question 6

anion

Answer 6

negative charge

Question 7

nonelectrolytes

Answer 7

• no charge
• remain intact

Question 8

solvent

Answer 8

liquid that holds a solution

Question 9

solute

Answer 9

substances that are dissolved in a solution

Question 10

sodium

Answer 10

control and regulate vol. of body fluids

Question 11

potassium

Answer 11

chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content

Question 12

calcium

Answer 12

nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contraction, b12 absorption

Question 13

magnesium

Answer 13

metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, vital actions involving enzymes

Question 14

chloride

Answer 14

maintains osmotic pressure, produce hydrochloric acid

Question 15

bicarbonate

Answer 15

body’s primary buffer system

Question 16

phosphate

Answer 16

involved in important chemical reactions in body, cell division, and hereditary traits

Question 17

Isotonic

Answer 17

same osmolar concentration as plasma

Question 18

Hypotonic

Answer 18

lower osmolarity than plasma

Question 19

Hypertonic

Answer 19

higher concentration of particles in solution compared to plasma

Question 20

Carbonic Acid-Sodium Bicarbonate

Answer 20

• most important buffer system
• buffers 90% of hydrogen of ECF

Question 21

Third-space fluid shift

Answer 21

distributional shift of body fluids into potential body spaces

Question 22

Ventipuncture sites

Answer 22

hand, arm, foot, scalp