Fluid Balance & Electrolytes

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

acid: substance containing a hydrogen ion that can be liberated or released

Question 2

Acidosis

Answer 2

acidosis: condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

Question 3

Active transport

Answer 3

active transport: movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes, usually against a pressure gradient and with the expenditure of metabolic energy

Question 4

Alkalosis

Answer 4

alkalosis: condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45

Question 5

Anions

Answer 5

anions: ion that carries a negative electric charge

Question 6

Antibody

Answer 6

antibody: immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen

Question 7

Antigen

Answer 7

antigen: foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response

Question 8

Autologous transfusion

Answer 8

occurs when a patient donates one’s own blood for a transfusion

Question 9

Base

Answer 9

base: substance that can accept or trap a hydrogen ion; synonym for alkali

Question 10

Blood typing

Answer 10

the laboratory examination to determine a persons blood type

Question 11

Buffer

Answer 11

buffer: substance that prevents body fluid from becoming overly acid or alkaline

Question 12

Capillary Filtration

Answer 12

passage of fluid across the wall of capillary; results from the force of blood pushing against the walls of the capillaries

Question 13

Cation

Answer 13

cation: ion that carries a positive electric charge

Question 14

Colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 14

colloid osmotic pressure: pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body; synonym for oncotic pressure

Question 15

Cross-Matching

Answer 15

cross-matching: act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

Question 16

Dehydration

Answer 16

dehydration: decreased water volume in body tissue

Question 17

Diffusion

Answer 17

diffusion: tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

Question 18

Edema

Answer 18

edema: accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces

Question 19

Electrolyes

Answer 19

electrolytes: substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution

Question 20

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 20

extracellular fluid (ECF): fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstitial fluids

Question 21

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 21

hydrostatic pressure: force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

Question 22

Hypercalcemia

Answer 22

hypercalcemia: excess of calcium in the extracellular fluid

Question 23

Hyperkalemia

Answer 23

hyperkalemia: excess of potassium in the extracellular fluid

Question 24

Hypermagnesemia

Answer 24

hypermagnesemia: excess of magnesium in the extracellular fluid

Question 25

Hypernatremia

Answer 25

hypernatremia: excess of sodium in the extracellular fluid

Question 26

Hyperphophatemia

Answer 26

hyperphosphatemia: above-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

Question 27

Hypertonic

Answer 27

hypertonic: having a greater concentration than the solution with which it is being compared

Question 28

Hypervolemia

Answer 28

hypervolemia: excess of plasma

Question 29

Hypocalcemia

Answer 29

hypocalcemia: insufficient amount of calcium in the extracellular fluid

Question 30

Hypokalemia

Answer 30

hypokalemia: insufficient amount of potassium in the extracellular fluid

Question 31

Hypomagnesmia

Answer 31

hypomagnesemia: insufficient amount of magnesium in the extracellular fluid

Question 32

Hyponatremia

Answer 32

hyponatremia: insufficient amount of sodium in the extracellular fluid

Question 33

Hypophosphatemia

Answer 33

hypophosphatemia: below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

Question 34

Hypotonic

Answer 34

hypotonic: having a lesser concentration than the solution with which it is being compared

Question 35

Hypovolemia

Answer 35

hypovolemia: deficiency of blood plasma

Question 36

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Answer 36

intracellular fluid (ICF): fluid within the cell; synonym for cellular fluid

Question 37

Ion

Answer 37

ion: atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution

Question 38

Isotonic

Answer 38

isotonic: having about the same concentration as the solution with which it is being compared

Question 39

Osmosis

Answer 39

osmosis: passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration until equilibrium is established

Question 40

pH

Answer 40

pH: expression of hydrogen ion concentration and resulting acidity of a substance

Question 41

Solutes

Answer 41

solutes: substance dissolved in a solution

Question 42

Solvents

Answer 42

solvents: liquid holding a substance in solution